HTET Primary Teacher (PRT)

Preparing for the Haryana Teacher's Eligibility Test (HTET) for the Primary Teacher (PRT) position requires a systematic and focused approach. Here's a strategy to help you effectively prepare for the exam:

• Familiarize yourself with the HTET PRT exam pattern, including the number of sections, marking scheme, and duration. Thoroughly go through the official syllabus to identify the topics and subjects that will be covered. We will be providing the detailed syllabus here as well.
• Develop a realistic and structured study plan that covers all the subjects and topics within the given timeframe. Allocate specific time slots for each subject and prioritize areas where you need more improvement.
• Collect relevant study materials, including textbooks, reference books, previous year question papers, and online resources. Utilize official publications and materials provided by the exam conducting authority.
• Give special attention to the Child Development and Pedagogy section, as it forms a significant part of the exam. Understand the psychological aspects of teaching and learning, as well as the characteristics and needs of diverse learners.
• Enhance your language proficiency in Hindi and English, as language proficiency is a key component of the HTET PRT exam. Practice reading, comprehension, and language-related questions regularly.
• Strengthen your quantitative aptitude and reasoning abilities through regular practice. Focus on problem-solving techniques and improve your speed and accuracy.
• For Mathematics and Environmental Studies, focus on the fundamental concepts and pedagogical understanding. Follow the prescribed syllabus for these subjects as per the Education Department, Govt. of Haryana.
• Place particular importance on acquiring General Knowledge related to Haryana state, as it constitutes a significant portion of your exam and is, therefore, pivotal for your overall performance.
• Take regular mock tests to simulate exam conditions and assess your preparation level. Solve previous year question papers to understand the exam pattern and identify recurring topics.
• Regularly revise the topics you have covered to reinforce your learning. Develop effective time management skills, especially during the exam, to ensure you can complete all sections within the stipulated time.

The Detailed Syllabus for HTET Primary Teacher (PRT) is as follows:

Part-I: Child Development and Pedagogy

A)

• Concept of Development and its Relationship with Learning, Principles of the Development of Children, Influence of Heredity & Environment.
• Socialization Processes: Social World & Children (Teacher, Parents, Peers).
• Piaget, Kohlberg, and Vygotsky: Constructs and Critical Perspectives.
• Concepts of Child-Centered and Progressive Education, Critical Perspective on the Construct of Intelligence, Multi-Dimensional Intelligence, Language & Thought, Gender as a Social Construct; Gender Roles, Gender-Bias, and Educational Practice, Individual Differences Among Learners, Understanding Differences Based on Diversity of Language, Caste, Gender, Community, Religion, etc. Distinction Between Assessment for Learning and Assessment of Learning; School-Based Assessment.
• Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation: Perspective and Practice.
• Formulating Appropriate Questions for Assessing Readiness Levels of Learners; for Enhancing Learning and Critical Thinking in the Classroom and for Assessing Learner Achievement.

B)

• Concept of Inclusive Education and Understanding Children with Special Needs:
  • Addressing Learners from Diverse Backgrounds, Including Disadvantaged and Deprived.
  • Addressing the Needs of Children with Learning Difficulties, Impairment, etc.
  • Addressing Talented, Creative, Specially abled Learners.
• Learning and Pedagogy:
  • How Children Think and Learn; How and Why Children 'Fail' to Achieve Success in School Performance.
  • Basic Processes of Teaching and Learning; Children's Strategies of Learning; Learning as a Social Activity; Social Context of Learning.
  • Child as a Problem Solver and a "Scientific Investigator."
  • Alternative Conceptions of Learning in Children, Understanding Children's 'Errors' as Significant Steps in the Learning Process.
  • Cognition & Emotions.
  • Motivation and Learning.
  • Factors Contributing to Learning– Personal & Environmental.

Part-II: Language

A) Language-I (Hindi)

• Language Comprehension Questions:
  • Reading Unseen Passages: Two Passages– One Prose or Drama, and One Poem with Questions on Comprehension, Inference, Grammar, and Verbal Ability (Prose Passage May Be Literary, Scientific, Narrative, or Discursive).
• Pedagogy of Language Development Questions:
  • Learning and Acquisition, Principles of Language Teaching, Role of Listening and Speaking; Functions of Language and How Children Use it as a Tool, Critical Perspective on the Role of Grammar in Learning a Language for Communicating Ideas Verbally and in Written Form, Challenges of Teaching Language in a Diverse Classroom; Language Difficulties, Errors, and Disorders, Language Skills.
• Evaluating Language Comprehension and Proficiency: Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing.
• Teaching Learning Materials : Textbook, Multimedia Materials, Multilingual Resources of the Classroom, Remedial Teaching.

B) Language-II (English)

• Language Comprehension Questions:
  • Two Unseen Prose Passages (Discursive or Literary or Narrative or Scientific) with Questions on Comprehension, Grammar, and Verbal Ability.
• Pedagogy of Language Development Questions:
  • Learning and Acquisition, Principles of Language Teaching, Role of Listening and Speaking; Functions of Language and How Children Use it as a Tool, Critical Perspective on the Role of Grammar in Learning a Language for Communicating Ideas Verbally and in Written Form, Challenges of Teaching Language in a Diverse Classroom; Language Difficulties, Errors, and Disorders, Language Skills.
• Evaluating Language Comprehension and Proficiency: Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing.
• Teaching Learning Materials : Textbook, Multimedia Materials, Multilingual Resources of the Classroom, Remedial Teaching.

Part-III: General Studies

A) Haryana-Related History, Current Affairs, Literature, Geography, Civics, Environment, Culture, Art, Traditions, and Welfare Schemes of Haryana Government.

B) General Intelligence & Reasoning:

• It would include questions of both verbal and non-verbal type. This component may include questions on Analogies, Similarities and Differences, Space Visualization, Spatial Orientation, Problem Solving, Analysis, Judgment, Decision Making, Visual Memory, Discrimination, Observation, Relationship Concepts, Arithmetical Reasoning and Figural Classification, Arithmetic Number Series, Non-Verbal Series, Coding and Decoding, Statement Conclusion, Syllogistic Reasoning, etc.
• The Topics Are: Semantic Analogy, Symbolic/Number Analogy, Figural Analogy, Semantic Classification, Symbolic/Number Classification, Figural Classification, Semantic Series, Number Series, Figural Series, Problem Solving, Word Building, Coding & Decoding, Numerical Operations, Symbolic Operations, Trends, Space Orientation, Space Visualization, Venn Diagrams, Drawing Inferences, Punched Hole/Pattern-Folding & Un-Folding, Figural Pattern-Folding and Completion, Indexing, Address Matching, Date & City Matching, Classification of Centre Codes/Roll Numbers, Small & Capital Letters/Numbers Coding, Decoding, and Classification, Embedded Figures, Critical Thinking, Emotional Intelligence, Social Intelligence.

C) Quantitative Aptitude:

The questions will be designed to test the ability of appropriate use of numbers and number sense of the candidate. The scope of the test will be computation of Whole Numbers, Decimals, Fractions, and Relationships between Numbers, Percentage. Ratio & Proportion, Square Roots, Averages, Interest, Profit and Loss, Discount, Partnership Business, Mixture and Allegation, Time and Distance, Time & Work, Basic Algebraic Identities of School Algebra & Elementary Surds, Graphs of Linear Equations, Triangle and its Various Kinds of Centers, Congruence and Similarity of Triangles, Circle and its Chords, Tangents, Angles Subtended by Chords of a Circle, Common Tangents to Two or more Circles, Triangles, Quadrilaterals, Regular Polygons, Circle, Right Prism, Right Circular Cone, Right Circular Cylinder, Sphere, Hemispheres, Rectangular Parallelepiped, Regular Right Pyramid with Triangular or Square Base, Trigonometric Ratio, Degree and Radian Measures, Standard Identities, Complementary Angles, Heights and Distances, Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Bar Diagram & Pie Chart.

Part-IV: Subject Specific

A)

• Mathematics Content:
  • Geometry, Shapes & Spatial Understanding, Solids Around Us, Numbers, Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Measurement, Weight, Time, Volume, Data Handling, Patterns, Money.
• Pedagogical Issues:
  • Nature of Mathematics/Logical Thinking; Understanding Children's Thinking and Reasoning Patterns and Strategies of Making Meaning and Learning, Place of Mathematics in Curriculum, Language of Mathematics, Community Mathematics, Evaluation Through Formal and Informal Methods, Problems of Teaching, Error Analysis and Related Aspects of Learning and Teaching, Diagnostic and Remedial Teaching.

B)

Environmental Studies Content:

• Family and Friends: Relationships, Work and Play, Animals, Plants. Food, Shelter, Water, Travel, Things We Make and Do.
• Pedagogical Issues: Concept and Scope of EVS, Significance of EVS, Integrated EVS, Environmental Studies & Environmental Education, Learning Principles, Scope & Relation to Science & Social Science, Approaches to Presenting Concepts, Activities, Experimentation/Practical Work, Discussion, CCE, Teaching Material/Aids, Problems.

Note: Difficulty level of questions for HTET Level-1 (PRT) will be up to the standard of secondary level.

Topics: For Level-1 (PRT), questions will be based on the topics of the prescribed syllabus of class 1st to 5th by the Education Department, Government of Haryana.

HTET Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT)

Preparing for the Haryana Teacher's Eligibility Test (HTET) for the Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT) level requires a well-organized and comprehensive strategy. Here's a suggested strategy:

• Familiarize yourself with the exam pattern, marking scheme, and time duration. Understand the specific syllabus for the TGT level, including subjects like Child Development and Pedagogy, Languages (Hindi/English), General Studies, and Subject-Specific Content.
• Develop a realistic and time-bound study plan. Allocate specific time slots for each subject according to your strengths and weaknesses. Prioritize topics based on their weightage in the exam.
• Gather the necessary study materials, including textbooks, reference books, previous years' question papers, and online resources. Make sure your study materials align with the TGT syllabus.
• Understand the principles of child development and educational psychology. Emphasize topics related to inclusive education, learning theories, and teaching methodologies.
• Stay updated on current affairs, especially related to Haryana. Study Haryana's history, geography, culture, and social issues. Brush up on general knowledge and awareness.
• Focus on in-depth knowledge of your specific subject for TGT. Cover the entire syllabus and practice solving problems.
• Take regular mock tests to practice time management and improve speed. Solve previous years' question papers to understand the exam pattern and identify important topics.
• Plan regular revision sessions to reinforce your learning. Make concise notes for quick revision before the exam.

The Detailed Syllabus for HTET Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT) is as follows:

Part-I: Child Development and Pedagogy

A)

• Concept of Development and its Relationship with Learning, Principles of the Development of Children, Influence of Heredity & Environment.
• Socialization Processes: Social World & Children (Teacher, Parents, Peers).
• Piaget, Kohlberg, and Vygotsky: Constructs and Critical Perspectives.
• Concepts of Child-Centered and Progressive Education, Critical Perspective on the Construct of Intelligence, Multi-Dimensional Intelligence, Language & Thought, Gender as a Social Construct; Gender Roles, Gender-Bias, and Educational Practice, Individual Differences Among Learners, Understanding Differences Based on Diversity of Language, Caste, Gender, Community, Religion, etc. Distinction Between Assessment for Learning and Assessment of Learning; School-Based Assessment.
• Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation: Perspective and Practice.
• Formulating Appropriate Questions for Assessing Readiness Levels of Learners; for Enhancing Learning and Critical Thinking in the Classroom and for Assessing Learner Achievement.

B)

• Concept of Inclusive Education and Understanding Children with Special Needs:
  • Addressing Learners from Diverse Backgrounds, Including Disadvantaged and Deprived.
  • Addressing the Needs of Children with Learning Difficulties, Impairment, etc.
  • Addressing Talented, Creative, Specially abled Learners.
• Learning and Pedagogy:
  • How Children Think and Learn; How and Why Children ‘Fail’ to Achieve Success in School Performance.
  • Basic Processes of Teaching and Learning; Children's Strategies of Learning; Learning as a Social Activity; Social Context of Learning.
  • Child as a Problem Solver and a "Scientific Investigator."
  • Alternative Conceptions of Learning in Children, Understanding Children's ‘Errors’ as Significant Steps in the Learning Process.
  • Cognition & Emotions.
  • Motivation and Learning.
  • Factors Contributing to Learning– Personal & Environmental.

Part-II: Language

A) Language-I (Hindi)

• Language Comprehension Questions:
  • Reading Unseen Passages: Two Passages– One Prose or Drama, and One Poem with Questions on Comprehension, Inference, Grammar, and Verbal Ability (Prose Passage May Be Literary, Scientific, Narrative, or Discursive).

• Pedagogy of Language Development Questions:
  • Learning and Acquisition, Principles of Language Teaching, Role of Listening and Speaking; Functions of Language and How Children Use it as a Tool, Critical Perspective on the Role of Grammar in Learning a Language for Communicating Ideas Verbally and in Written Form, Challenges of Teaching Language in a Diverse Classroom; Language Difficulties, Errors, and Disorders, Language Skills.

• Evaluating Language Comprehension and Proficiency: Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing.
• Teaching Learning Materials : Textbook, Multimedia Materials, Multilingual Resources of the Classroom, Remedial Teaching.

B) Language-II (English)

• Language Comprehension Questions:
  • Two Unseen Prose Passages (Discursive or Literary or Narrative or Scientific) with Questions on Comprehension, Grammar, and Verbal Ability.
• Pedagogy of Language Development Questions:
  • Learning and Acquisition, Principles of Language Teaching, Role of Listening and Speaking; Functions of Language and How Children Use it as a Tool, Critical Perspective on the Role of Grammar in Learning a Language for Communicating Ideas Verbally and in Written Form, Challenges of Teaching Language in a Diverse Classroom; Language Difficulties, Errors, and Disorders, Language Skills.
• Evaluating Language Comprehension and Proficiency: Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing.
• Teaching Learning Materials : Textbook, Multimedia Materials, Multilingual Resources of the Classroom, Remedial Teaching

Part-III: General Studies

A) Haryana-Related History, Current Affairs, Literature, Geography, Civics, Environment, Culture, Art, Traditions, and Welfare Schemes of Haryana Government.

B) General Intelligence & Reasoning:

• It would include questions of both verbal and non-verbal type. This component may include questions on Analogies, Similarities and Differences, Space Visualization, Spatial Orientation, Problem Solving, Analysis, Judgment, Decision Making, Visual Memory, Discrimination, Observation, Relationship Concepts, Arithmetical Reasoning and Figural Classification, Arithmetic Number Series, Non-Verbal Series, Coding and Decoding, Statement Conclusion, Syllogistic Reasoning, etc.
• The Topics Are: Semantic Analogy, Symbolic/Number Analogy, Figural Analogy, Semantic Classification, Symbolic/Number Classification, Figural Classification, Semantic Series, Number Series, Figural Series, Problem Solving, Word Building, Coding & Decoding, Numerical Operations, Symbolic Operations, Trends, Space Orientation, Space Visualization, Venn Diagrams, Drawing Inferences, Punched Hole/Pattern-Folding & Un-Folding, Figural Pattern-Folding and Completion, Indexing, Address Matching, Date & City Matching, Classification of Centre Codes/Roll Numbers, Small & Capital Letters/Numbers Coding, Decoding, and Classification, Embedded Figures, Critical Thinking, Emotional Intelligence, Social Intelligence.

C) Quantitative Aptitude:

The questions will be designed to test the ability of appropriate use of numbers and number sense of the candidate. The scope of the test will be computation of Whole Numbers, Decimals, Fractions, and Relationships between Numbers, Percentage. Ratio & Proportion, Square Roots, Averages, Interest, Profit and Loss, Discount, Partnership Business, Mixture and Allegation, Time and Distance, Time & Work, Basic Algebraic Identities of School Algebra & Elementary Surds, Graphs of Linear Equations, Triangle and its Various Kinds of Centers, Congruence and Similarity of Triangles, Circle and its Chords, Tangents, Angles Subtended by Chords of a Circle, Common Tangents to Two or more Circles, Triangles, Quadrilaterals, Regular Polygons, Circle, Right Prism, Right Circular Cone, Right Circular Cylinder, Sphere, Hemispheres, Rectangular Parallelepiped, Regular Right Pyramid with Triangular or Square Base, Trigonometric Ratio, Degree and Radian Measures, Standard Identities, Complementary Angles, Heights and Distances, Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Bar Diagram & Pie Chart.

Part-IV: Subject Specific

English

A) Reading Comprehension: One/Two Unseen Passage/s (Prose/Poem) to assess the candidate's ability to comprehend, analyse, and interpret text.

Language: (Pedagogy of English) – Aims and Objectives of Teaching English at Secondary Level, Methods and Approaches of Teaching English Language, Teaching Aids, Use of ICT in Classroom.

B) Grammar and Usage – This will include questions based on Verb Patterns, Tenses, Analysis of Sentences, Transformation of Sentences, Voices, Narration, Articles, Determiners, Auxiliaries (Primary & Modal), Idiomatic Expressions, Phrasal Verbs, and Parts of Speech in Detail (Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Interjections, Prepositions).

Basic Phonetics – Word Formation, Vowel and Consonant Sounds, Simple Transcription.

C) Literature: Text-Based questions must be selected from the prescribed syllabus of the Board of School Education Haryana for classes VI to X. Difficulty level of the questions may be raised to UG level.

हिंदी

(क)

• हिंदी भाषा एवं साहित्य का इतिहास : भाषा के विविध रूप एवं संवैधानिक स्थिति, हिंदी भाषा का इतिहास, देवनागरी लिपि का इतिहास, वैज्ञानिकता एवं विशेषताएँ, हिंदी साहित्य का इतिहास, नामकरण एवं विविध प्रवृत्तियाँ।

(ख)

• माध्यमिक स्तरीय एवं पाठ्यक्रम में संकलित रचनाओं की जानकारी : बसंत भाग-1, 2 एवं 3 में संकलित गद्य एवं पद्य रचनाओं पर आधारित प्रश्न, पाठ्यक्रम में संकलित कविताओं के भाव, भाषा एवं शैली पक्ष पर आधारित प्रश्न, पाठ्यक्रम में संकलित गद्य रचनाओं और उनके विविध पक्षों के ज्ञान पर आधारित प्रश्न, पाठ्यक्रम में आए पर्यायवाची, विलोम एवं अनेकार्थक शब्दों के साथ-साथ वाक्यांश के लिये एक शब्द से संबंधित प्रश्न।

(ग)

• काव्यशास्त्र एवं व्याकरण : काव्य गुण एवं काव्य दोष पर आधारित प्रश्न, अलंकार- उपमा, रूपक, उत्प्रेक्षा, वक्रोक्ति, श्लेष, अतिशयोक्ति, असंगति एवं द्रष्टांत पर आधारित प्रश्न; छंद- दोहा, रोला, हरिगीतिका, मालिनी, कवित्त, सवैया, वंशस्थ पर आधारित प्रश्न; रस एवं रस के अवयव पर आधारित प्रश्न; वर्ण विचार- स्वर एवं व्यंजन के प्रकार, प्रयत्न एवं स्थान की दृष्टि से; शब्द विचार- तत्सम, तद्भव, देशज एवं विदेशज पर आधारित प्रश्न; संधि, समास, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय पर आधारित प्रश्न; विकारी शब्द- संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रिया; अविकारी शब्द- क्रिया विशेषण, संबंधसूचक, समुच्चय बोधक एवं विस्मयादिबोधक, वाक्य एवं पद विचार पर आधारित शुद्ध वाक्यों की पहचान, मुहावरे एवं लोकोक्तियाँ, शुद्धाशुद्ध शब्द-वर्तनी पर आधारित शुद्ध- अशुद्ध।

Science

A) Chemistry

• Sorting and Grouping of Materials: Objects Around Us, Properties of Matter, Appearance, Hardness, Solubility or Insolubility, Transparency, Objects' Floating or Sinking in Water.
• Separation of Substances: Separation of Substances, Mixtures and their Types, Methods of Separation, Filtration, Threshing, Evaporation, Sedimentation, and Decantation, Sieving, Winnowing.
• Acids, Bases, and Salts: Acids and Bases, Natural Indicators Around Us, Neutralization, Neutralization in Everyday Life.
• Physical and Chemical Change: Physical and Chemical Changes, Physical Changes, Chemical Changes, Rusting of Iron, Crystallization.
• Coal and Petroleum: Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas, Some Natural Resources are Limited.
• Combustion and Flame: Combustion, How do We Control Fire?, Types of Combustion, Flame, Structure of Flame, What is a Fuel?, Fuel Efficiency.
• Matter in Our Surroundings: Physical Nature of Matter, Characteristics of Particles of Matter, States of Matter, Can Matter Change Its State, Evaporation.
• Is Matter Around Us Pure: What is a Mixture, Solution, Separating the Components of a Mixture, Physical and Chemical Changes, Types of Pure Substances.
• Atoms and Molecules: Atoms and Molecules, Laws of Chemical Combination, Atoms, Molecules, Mole Concept, Molecular Mass, Chemical Formula.
• Structure of Atom: Charged Particles in Matter, Structure of Atom, Electrons Distributed in Different Orbits, Valency, Atomic Number, and Mass Number.
• Chemical Equations and Reactions: Chemical Reactions, Chemical Equations, Types of Chemical Reactions, Effects of Oxidation Reactions in Everyday Life.
• Metals and Non-Metals: Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals, Chemical Properties, Metals Reaction with Water, Air, and Acids, Reactivity Series, Metals and Non-Metals Reaction, Properties of Ionic Compounds, Occurrence of Metals, Extraction, Refining, Corrosion and its Prevention.
• Carbon and its Compounds: Carbon and its Compounds, Bonding in Carbon, Covalent Bond, Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds, Important Carbon Compounds– Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid, Soaps, and Detergents.
• Subject-Related Pedagogy.

B) Biology

• Fundamental Unit of Life: Cell and its Structural Organization & Functions, Cell Division.
• The World of the Living: Forms and Functions of Plants and Animals.
• Plant and Animal Tissues.
• Diversity in Living Organisms: Classification of Plants and Animals with their Characteristics.
• Various Life Processes of Animals and Plants: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion (Including Various Systems of Human Beings).
• Body Movements: Movement in Animals, Human Body and its Movements, Control and Coordination in Plants and Animals.
• Reproduction in Organisms: Modes of Reproduction (Asexual and Sexual Reproduction), Reproductive Health (Adolescence and Puberty), Heredity and Evolution.
• Diseases: Types, Causes, Agents, Treatment, and Prevention.
• Weather, Climate, and Adaptation of Organisms to Different Climates and Habitats, Ecosystem, Pollution, Biogeochemical Cycles, Ozone Layer, Animal Husbandry, Soil, Water, Forest & Wildlife, Environmental Awareness, Conservation of Plants and Animals, Natural Resources and their Management.
• Food: Its Resources, Components, and Functions, Improvement in Food Resources, Crop Production and its Management, Improvement in Crop Yields and Management, Crop Protection Management, Microorganisms.
• Subject-Related Pedagogy.

C) Physics

• Motion & Measurement: Types of Motion and Non-uniform Motion, Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration, Distance-Time Graph, Velocity-Time Graph, Equation of Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, Measurement of Distance and Time.
• Force and Laws of Motion: Types of Forces, Balanced and Unbalanced Forces, First Law of Motion, Second Law of Motion, Third Law of Motion, Friction, Factors Affecting Friction, Necessity of Friction, Wheels Reducing Friction, Fluid Friction.
• Gravitation: Universal Law of Gravitation, Importance of Universal Law of Gravitation, Free Fall, To Calculate Value of ‘g’, Motion of Objects under the Influence of Gravitational Force of Earth, Mass and Weight, Weight of Object on the Moon, Thrust and Pressure, Atmospheric Pressure, Pressure in Fluids, Buoyancy, Why Objects Float or Sink When Placed on the Surface of Water, Archimedes' Principle.
• Work, Energy & Power: Scientific Concept of Work, Work Done by Constant Force, Types of Energy, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Law of Conservation of Energy, Rate of Doing Work.
• Sound: Production of Sound, Propagation of Sound, Characteristics of Sound Waves, Speed of Sound in Different Media, Echo, Reverberation, Uses of Multiple Reflection of Sound, Range of Hearing, Audible and Inaudible Sounds, Noise and Music, Noise Pollution, Application of Ultrasound.
• Light: Transparent, Opaque, and Translucent Objects, A Pinhole Camera, Sunlight–White or Colored, What is Braille System, Reflection of Light; Spherical, Representation of Images Formed by Spherical Mirror Using Ray Diagrams: Image Formation by Concave Mirror, Image Formation by Convex Mirror, Mirror Formula and Magnification; Refraction of Light: Refraction Through a Rectangular Glass Slab, The Refractive Index, Refraction by Spherical Lenses, Image Formation by Lenses, Sign Convention for Spherical Lenses, Lens Formula and Magnification, Power of Lens.
• The Human Eye: Power of Accommodation; Defects of Vision and their Correction; Myopia, Hypermetropia, Presbyopia, Refraction of Light through a Prism; Dispersion of White Light by a Glass Prism; Atmospheric Refraction: Twinkling of Stars, Advance Sunrise, and Delayed Sunset; Scattering of Light– Tyndall Effect, Why is the color of the clear sky blue?
• Electricity & Circuits: Electric Cell, An Electric Circuit, Electric Switch, Electric Current, Electric Potential, Ohm's Law, Factors on Which Resistance of Conductor Depends, Grouping of Resistance; Series and Parallel, Specific Resistance, Heating Effect of Electric Circuit and Current, Practical Application of Heating Effect of Electric Current, Electric Power Chemical Effect of Current, Electroplating.
• Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: Magnetic Field and Field Lines; Magnetic Field Due to a Current-Carrying Conductor– Straight Conductor, Circular Current Loop Solenoid, Right Hand Thumb Rule, Fleming's Left Hand Rule, Fleming's Right Hand Rule, Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field; Electromagnet, Electric Bell, Domestic Electric Circuit, Motor and A.C Generator.
• Subject-Related Pedagogy.

Social Studies

A) Geography

• General Geography: Geography as a Social Study, The Solar System, The Earth – Motions, Globe, Latitudes and Longitudes, Major Spheres of the Earth, Inside Our Earth – Layers and Rocks, Our Earth – Mountains, Plateaus, Plains, Volcanoes and Earthquakes, Development of Landforms – Various Agents and Processes, Atmosphere – Composition, Structure, Air Pressure, Winds, Precipitation, and Climatic Regions, Hydrosphere and its Importance, Tides and Ocean Currents. Water, Environment – Concept, Ecosystem, Pollution, Hazards, and Disasters. Human Environment Interactions, Resources – Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources, Agriculture – Types and Methods, Major Crops and Developments, Industries – Classification and Distribution, Human Resources, Maps and their Types.
• Geography of India: India – Size and Location, Physiography and Physical Structure, Drainage, Climate and Monsoon, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife, Water Resources, Agriculture – Major Crops, their Distribution, and related problems, Minerals and Energy Resources, Major Manufacturing Industries – Classification and Distribution, Lifelines of National Economy.
• Subject-related Pedagogy.

B) Civics

• Political Theory: Nature, Scope, and Significance of Political Theory, State – Elements and Various Theories of its Origin, Nature & Functions, Sovereignty, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rights, Citizenship, Nationalism, Secularism, Consumers Protection Rights, Feminism.
• Forms of Government: Democratic and Dictatorial, Parliamentary and Presidential. Unitary and Federal.
• Democracy: Concept, Various Types, Theories, and Methods of Representation in Democracy, Popular Struggle and Various Movements for Democracy. Various Challenges to Democracy – Inequality, Poverty, Economic Growth and Development, Illiteracy, Linguism, Regionalism, Communalism, Casteism, Separatism, Political Violence, National Integration, Gender Issues, Religion, Marginalization.
• Indian Constitution: Constitutional Development and Making of the Constitution of India, Sources, Features, Preamble. Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy. Union Executive – President, Vice President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, Union Legislature – Composition, Procedure of Lawmaking, Amendment Procedure, State Legislature. Indian Judiciary – Supreme Court, High Courts, Judicial Review and Judicial Activism Public Interest Litigation, Right to Information Act, Federalism, Development of Panchayati Raj Institutions and 73rd Constitutional Amendment, Election Commission, Electoral Process and Electoral Reforms, Politics of Defection, Party System in India, National and Regional Political Parties, Coalition Government, Politics of Reservation.
• United Nations – Origin and Evolution of the UN, Organs of the UN, Specialized Agencies of the UN, Role of the Security Council, Role of the Secretary-General of UN, Democratization of the UN.
• Foreign Policy of India - Basic Principles, India and its Neighbors (Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and China) Relations with the USA and Russia, Era of Cold War and Post-Cold War. NAM and its Relevance, Collapse of Bipolarity, New World Order, European Union, SAARC, ASEAN, WTO, IMF, World Bank, Disarmament, Globalization, Environmentalism.
• Subject-related Pedagogy.

C) History

• Ancient India: Sources of Ancient Indian History, Prehistoric Civilization – From Hunter-Gatherer to Neolithic Revolution. Harappan Civilization – Sites and Salient Features, etc. Religious Trends – Vedic, Buddhism, and Jainism – Basic Facets and Comparison. Mahajanapada Period – Polity and Economy, Mauryan Empire – Administration and Policies. Foreign Invaders and their Assimilation in the Indian Culture, Post-Mauryan States and Political Developments in India, Southern States – Chalukyas, Pallavas and Cholas, Trade and Commerce in Ancient India – Trade and Major Trade Routes, Urbanization.
• Gupta and Vardhana Empire: Socio-cultural Life, Economy, Administration, etc. Expansion of Indian Culture in the World. Art & Architecture from Ancient to Post-Gupta Period.
• Medieval India: Sources of the History of Medieval India (700 CE to 1750 AD). Dynasties and Rulers in Early Medieval India (700 CE to 1200 CE) – Tripartite Struggle, The Palas, The Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas, King Dhahir and Anangpal, Suhaldev, and Prithvi Raj Chauhan. Delhi Sultanate and Mughals – Administration & Policies, Vijayanagara Empire, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Marathas, Medieval Art & Architecture, Languages and Literature, etc. Socio-Religious Movements (Bhakti, Sufi, Tradition of Sikh Gurus, Nayanars, and Alwars, etc.) Trade and Commerce, Art & Architecture, Urban Centers, Agrarian Society during Medieval India.
• Modern India: Sources of Modern Indian History, India in the 18th Century, European Companies and their Conflicts in Bengal and Other Indian States. Changes in the Land Revenue System and Early Indian Resistance. Revolt of 1857 – Causes, Events, Nature, and Repercussions. Indian Renaissance during the 18th Century: Women and Lower Castes Emancipation. British Education Policy. Colonization and its Effects on Indigenous Textile Industry – Origin of Industrialization. Urbanization and Architecture during the Colonial Period. Rise of Nationalism, Indian National Movement (1885-1947), Role of Gandhi Ji, Neta Ji & INA Independence & Partition. Framing of the Indian Constitution, Role of Haryana in the Indian National Movement. Fifty years of Indian Independence.
• World History: History of Human Evolution – Origin of Homo Sapiens. Prehistoric Man – History, Tools, etc. Rise of Islam – Caliphate, Confucianism, Jewish and Persian Philosophies, Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Feudalism in Europe during the Medieval Period, the role of the Church in the socio-political life of Europe. European Renaissance – Development of Urban Centers in Medieval Europe. Colonization, Imperialism.
• Subject-related Pedagogy.

D) Economics

• Agriculture: Role of Agriculture in India, Agricultural Development in India during Various Five-Year Economic Plans, Farm-Products, Non-Farm Activities. Factors of Production – Land, Labor, Capital, and Entrepreneur, Human Capital. Theories of Rent, Wages, Interest & Profit, Unemployment and Trends of Unemployment in India.
• Poverty: Overview, Types, Measurement, Causes, Inter-State Disparities, Poverty Estimation, Anti-Poverty Measures/Schemes and Future Challenges. Food Security – Meaning, Causes, Green Revolution, Major Food Security Programs including Public Distribution System and its Progress in India, Buffer Stocks, Pillars of Food Security.
• Development: Meaning of Economic Growth, Economic Development, and Sustainable Development, Measurement of Development – Conventional, HDI, HPI, PQLI, and Hunger index, Developmental Comparison at Inter-State and International Level.
• Sectors of Indian Economy: Scope of Economic Activities, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sector, Organized and Unorganized Sectors, Public and Private Sectors. Money and Credit – Meaning of Money, Functions, Modern Forms of Money, Commercial Banks and their Role, RBI and Its Functions, Credit Creation, Money Multiplier, Formal and Informal Credit.
• Globalization and Indian Economy: New Economic Policy – Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization, Features, Favorable and Unfavorable Effects on the Indian Economy. World Trade Organization (WTO) – its Structure and Functions, Positive and Negative Aspects of Globalization.
• Consumer Rights – Consumer Protection Act 1986 (COPRA), Consumers Movements in India, Consumer Exploitation, Consumer Responsibilities, Consumer Rights, and their Progress.
• Utility Analysis: Utility – Meaning and Types, Cardinal Utility Analysis, Ordinal Utility Analysis, Indifference Curve Analysis.
• Demand Analysis: Demand – Meaning & Factors Affecting it, Law of Demand, Elasticity of Demand.
• Subject-related Pedagogy.

Mathematics

A) Number System, Arithmetic, and Trigonometry:

• Roman Numerals, Whole Numbers, Natural Numbers, Integers, Rational and Irrational Numbers, and Real Numbers, their Properties, and Representation on the Number Line, LCM, HCF of Natural Numbers, Squares and Square Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots, Laws of Exponents, Ratio and Proportions, Percentage, Decimals, Fractions, Profit and Loss, Discount, Time and Work, Direct and Indirect Proportion, Unitary Method, Comparing Quantities, Introduction to Trigonometry and its Application to Find Heights and Distance.

B) Algebra, Statistics, and Probability:

• Algebraic Expressions and Identities, Factorization, Linear Equations in One and Two Variables; Graphs of Linear Equations, Polynomials, Quadratic Equations, Arithmetic Progression, Data Handling, Average, Pie Diagrams, Bar Diagrams, Histograms, Frequency Polygons, Measure of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, Mode), Probability, Theoretical Approach.

C) Geometry, Coordinate Geometry, and Mensuration:

• Euclid's Geometry, Lines and Angles, Lines of Symmetry, Triangle and its Properties, Types of Triangles and Various Kinds of its Centers, Perimeter and Area, Congruence and Similarity of Triangles, Regular Polygon, Quadrilaterals, Circles, Area Related to Circles, Coordinate Geometry, Heron's Formula, Pythagorean Theorem, Visualizing Solid Shapes, Area of Polygon, Surface Area and Volume of Cube, Cuboid, Cylinder, Right Circular Cylinder, Cone, Right Circular Cone, and Sphere, Surface Area and Volume of Combination of Solids.
• Subject-related Pedagogy.

Note: Difficulty level of questions for HTET Level-2 (TGT) will be up to the standard of higher secondary level.

Topics: For Level-2 (TGT), questions will be based on the topics of the prescribed syllabus of class 6th to 10th by the Education Department, Government of Haryana.

Post Graduate Teacher (PGT)

Preparing for the Haryana Teacher's Eligibility Test (HTET) for the Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) level requires a well-organized and comprehensive strategy. Here's a suggested strategy:

• Familiarize yourself with the exam pattern, marking scheme, and time duration. Understand the specific syllabus for the PGT level, including subjects like Child Development and Pedagogy, Languages (Hindi/English), General Studies, and Subject-Specific Content.
• Develop a realistic and time-bound study plan. Allocate specific time slots for each subject according to your strengths and weaknesses. Prioritize topics based on their weightage in the exam.
• Gather the necessary study materials, including textbooks, reference books, previous years' question papers, and online resources. Make sure your study materials align with the PGT syllabus.
• Understand the principles of child development and educational psychology. Emphasize topics related to inclusive education, learning theories, and teaching methodologies.
• Stay updated on current affairs, especially related to Haryana. Study Haryana's history, geography, culture, and social issues. Brush up on general knowledge and awareness.
• Focus on in-depth knowledge of your specific subject for PGT. Cover the entire syllabus and practice solving problems.
• Take regular mock tests to practice time management and improve speed. Solve previous years' question papers to understand the exam pattern and identify important topics.
• Plan regular revision sessions to reinforce your learning. Make concise notes for quick revision before the exam.

The Detailed Syllabus for HTET Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) is as follows:

Part-I: Syllabus for Child Development and Pedagogy

A)

• Concept of Development and its Relationship with Learning, Principles of the Development of Children, Influence of Heredity & Environment.
• Socialization Processes: Social World & Children (Teacher, Parents, Peers).
• Piaget, Kohlberg, and Vygotsky: Constructs and Critical Perspectives.
• Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory, Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development.
• Concepts of child-centered and progressive education, Critical perspective of the construct of Intelligence, Multi-Dimensional Intelligence, Language & Thought, Gender as a social construct; gender roles, gender-bias and educational practice, Individual differences among learners, understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community, religion etc.
• Distinction between Assessment for learning and assessment of learning; School- Based Assessment.Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation: perspective and practice.
• Formulating appropriate questions for assessing readiness levels of learners; for enhancing learning and critical thinking in the classroom and for assessing learner achievement.

B)

• Concept of Inclusive Education and Understanding Children with Special Needs:
  • Addressing Learners from Diverse Backgrounds, Including Disadvantaged and Deprived.
  • Addressing the Needs of Children with Learning Difficulties, Impairment, etc.
  • Addressing Talented, Creative, Specially abled Learners.

• Learning and Pedagogy:
  • How Children Think and Learn; How and Why Children ‘Fail’ to Achieve Success in School Performance.
  • Basic Processes of Teaching and Learning; Children's Strategies of Learning; Learning as a Social Activity; Social Context of Learning.
  • Child as a Problem Solver and a "Scientific Investigator."
  • Alternative Conceptions of Learning in Children, Understanding Children's ‘Errors’ as Significant Steps in the Learning Process.
  • Cognition & Emotions.
  • Motivation and Learning.
  • Factors Contributing to Learning– Personal & Environmental.
  • Bandura's Social Learning: Constructs and Critical Perspective.

Part-II: Language

A) Language-I (Hindi)

• Language Comprehension Questions:
  • Reading Unseen Passages: Two Passages– One Prose or Drama, and One Poem with Questions on Comprehension, Inference, Grammar, and Verbal Ability (Prose Passage May Be Literary, Scientific, Narrative, or Discursive).
• Pedagogy of Language Development Questions:
  • Learning and Acquisition, Principles of Language Teaching, Role of Listening and Speaking; Functions of Language and How Children Use it as a Tool, Critical Perspective on the Role of Grammar in Learning a Language for Communicating Ideas Verbally and in Written Form, Challenges of Teaching Language in a Diverse Classroom; Language Difficulties, Errors, and Disorders, Language Skills.
• Evaluating Language Comprehension and Proficiency: Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing.
• Teaching- Learning Materials : Textbook, Multimedia Materials, Multilingual Resources of the Classroom, Remedial Teaching.

B) Language-II (English)

• Language Comprehension Questions:
  • Two Unseen Prose Passages (Discursive or Literary or Narrative or Scientific) with Questions on Comprehension, Grammar, and Verbal Ability.
• Pedagogy of Language Development Questions:
  • Learning and Acquisition, Principles of Language Teaching, Role of Listening and Speaking; Functions of Language and How Children Use it as a Tool, Critical Perspective on the Role of Grammar in Learning a Language for Communicating Ideas Verbally and in Written Form, Challenges of Teaching Language in a Diverse Classroom; Language Difficulties, Errors, and Disorders, Language Skills.
• Evaluating Language Comprehension and Proficiency: Speaking, Listening, Reading, and Writing.
• Teaching: Learning Materials– Textbook, Multimedia Materials, Multilingual Resources of the Classroom, Remedial Teaching.

Part-III: General Studies

A) Haryana-Related History, Current Affairs, Literature, Geography, Civics, Environment, Culture, Art, Traditions, and Welfare Schemes of Haryana Government.

B) General Intelligence & Reasoning:

• It would include questions of both verbal and non-verbal type. This component may include questions on Analogies, Similarities and Differences, Space Visualization, Spatial Orientation, Problem Solving, Analysis, Judgment, Decision Making, Visual Memory, Discrimination, Observation, Relationship Concepts, Arithmetical Reasoning and Figural Classification, Arithmetic Number Series, Non-Verbal Series, Coding and Decoding, Statement Conclusion, Syllogistic Reasoning, etc.
• The Topics Are: Semantic Analogy, Symbolic/Number Analogy, Figural Analogy, Semantic Classification, Symbolic/Number Classification, Figural Classification, Semantic Series, Number Series, Figural Series, Problem Solving, Word Building, Coding & Decoding, Numerical Operations, Symbolic Operations, Trends, Space Orientation, Space Visualization, Venn Diagrams, Drawing Inferences, Punched Hole/Pattern-Folding & Un-Folding, Figural Pattern-Folding and Completion, Indexing, Address Matching, Date & City Matching, Classification of Centre Codes/Roll Numbers, Small & Capital Letters/Numbers Coding, Decoding, and Classification, Embedded Figures, Critical Thinking, Emotional Intelligence, Social Intelligence.

C) Quantitative Aptitude:

The questions will be designed to test the ability of appropriate use of numbers and number sense of the candidate. The scope of the test will be computation of Whole Numbers, Decimals, Fractions, and Relationships between Numbers, Percentage. Ratio & Proportion, Square Roots, Averages, Interest, Profit and Loss, Discount, Partnership Business, Mixture and Allegation, Time and Distance, Time & Work, Basic Algebraic Identities of School Algebra & Elementary Surds, Graphs of Linear Equations, Triangle and its Various Kinds of Centers, Congruence and Similarity of Triangles, Circle and its Chords, Tangents, Angles Subtended by Chords of a Circle, Common Tangents to Two or more Circles, Triangles, Quadrilaterals, Regular Polygons, Circle, Right Prism, Right Circular Cone, Right Circular Cylinder, Sphere, Hemispheres, Rectangular Parallelepiped, Regular Right Pyramid with Triangular or Square Base, Trigonometric Ratio, Degree and Radian Measures, Standard Identities, Complementary Angles, Heights and Distances, Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Bar Diagram & Pie Chart.

Part-IV: Subject Specific

English

A) Reading Comprehension: One/Two Unseen Passage/s (Prose/Poem) to assess the candidate's ability to comprehend, analyse, and interpret text.

Language: (Pedagogy of English) – Aims and Objectives of Teaching English at School Level, Methods and Approaches of Teaching English Language, Teaching Aids, ICT of/for/in Classroom.

B) Grammar and Usage – This will include questions based on Verb Patterns, Tenses, Analysis of Sentences, Transformation of Sentences, Voices, Narration, Articles, Determiners, Auxiliaries (Primary & Modal), Idiomatic Expressions, Phrasal Verbs, and Parts of Speech in Detail (Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Interjections, Prepositions).

Basic Phonetics – Word Formation, Vowel and Consonant Sounds, Simple Transcription.

C) Literature: Text-Based questions must be selected from the prescribed syllabus of the Board of School Education Haryana for classes VI to X. Difficulty level of the questions may be raised to UG level.

हिंदी

(अ)

• हिंदी भाषा एवं साहित्य : हिंदी भाषा का उद्भव और विकास, हिंदी और उसकी बोलियों का सामान्य परिचय, हिंदी साहित्य के इतिहास लेखन की पद्धतियाँ, इतिहास लेखक, काल-विभाजन एवं नामकरण, हिंदी साहित्य का आरंभ एवं विभिन्न कालखंडों का प्रवृत्तिगत इतिहास, मुख्य काव्यधाराएँ, प्रतिनिधि कवि एवं रचनाएँ और विशेषताएँ, हिंदी गद्य का उद्भव और विकास एवं गद्य की विभिन्न विधाएँ।

(ब)

• पाठ्यक्रम में संकलित रचनाओं की जानकारी : क्षितिज, कृतिका, आरोह एवं वितान पुस्तकों में संकलित काव्य एवं गद्य रचनाओं पर आधारित प्रश्न; क्षितिज, कृतिका, आरोह एवं वितान पुस्तकों में संकलित कविताओं के काव्य-सौंदर्य (भाव एवं कला पक्ष) पर आधारित प्रश्न; क्षितिज, कृतिका, आरोह एवं वितान पुस्तकों में संकलित गद्य रचनाओं, रचनाकारों, विषय-वस्तु, विचार, संवेदना और भाषा पर आधारित प्रश्न; पाठ्यक्रम में संकलित गद्य विधाओं का परिचय, प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व एवं उनके कौशल के परिचयात्मक ज्ञान पर आधारित प्रश्न, कहानी का नाट्य रुपांतरण; रेडियो, नाटक और हिंदी पत्रकारिता के विविध आयाम पर आधारित प्रश्न; पाठ्यक्रम में आए पर्यायवाची, विलोम, अनेकार्थक एवं वाक्यांश के लिये एक शब्द पर आधारित प्रश्न।

(स)

• काव्यशास्त्र एवं व्याकरण : शब्द-शक्तियों के भेद एवं उदाहरण पर आधारित प्रश्न; काव्य हेतु, काव्य-गुण, काव्य-दोष एवं काव्य रीतियाँ; श्लेष, यमक, दीपक, अनुप्रास (भेद सहित), भ्रांतिमान, विरोधाभाष, उत्प्रेक्षा, संदेह एवं मानवीकरण अलंकारों पर आधारित प्रश्न; दोहा, रोला, सोरठा, चौपाई, मालिनी, वसंततिलका, गीतिका, हरिगीतिका, कवित्त, सवैया एवं वंशस्थ छंदों पर आधारित प्रश्न; रस का स्वरूप, रस के अवयव एवं रस-निष्पत्ति पर आधारित प्रश्न; काव्य रीति के स्वरुप एवं विवेचन पर आधारित प्रश्न, वर्ण-विचार एवं वार्तनिक अशुद्धियों की पहचान पर आधारित प्रश्न; संधि, समास, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय पर आधारित प्रश्न; विकारी शब्द- संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण एवं क्रिया पर आधारित प्रश्न; अविकारी शब्द- क्रियाविशेषण, संबंधसूचक, समुच्चयबोधक एवं विस्मयादिबोधक पर आधारित प्रश्न; पद-विचार संबंधी प्रयोग एवं शुद्ध वाक्यों की पहचान पर आधारित प्रश्न, मुहावरे एवं लोकोक्तियों पर आधारित प्रश्न, औपचारिक एवं अनौपचारिक पत्रों पर आधारित प्रश्न।

History

(A) Ancient India:

Sources of Ancient Indian History, Prehistoric Civilization – From Hunter-Gatherer to Neolithic Revolution. Harappan Civilization – Sites and Salient Features, etc. Religious Trends – Vedic, Buddhism, and Jainism – Basic Facets and Comparison. Mahajanapada Period – Polity and Economy, Mauryan Empire – Administration and Policies. Foreign Invaders and their Assimilation in the Indian Culture, Post-Mauryan States and Political Developments in India, Southern States – Chalukyas, Pallavas and Cholas, Trade and Commerce in Ancient India – Trade and Major Trade Routes, Urbanization. Gupta and Vardhana Empire – Socio-cultural Life, Economy, Administration, etc. Expansion of Indian Culture in the World. Art & Architecture from Ancient to Post-Gupta Period.

(B) Medieval India:

Sources of the History of Medieval India (700 CE to 1750 CE). Dynasties and Rulers in Early Medieval India (700 CE to 1200 CE) – Tripartite Struggle – The Palas, The Pratiharas and The Rashtrakutas, King Dhahir and Anangpal, Suhaldev, and Prithvi Raj Chauhan. Delhi Sultanate and Mughals – Administration & Policies, Vijayanagara Empire, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Marathas, Medieval Art & Architecture, Languages and Literature, etc. Socio-Religious Movements (Bhakti, Sufi, Tradition of Sikh Gurus, Nayanars, and Alwars, etc.) Trade and Commerce, Art & Architecture, Urban Centers, Agrarian Society during Medieval India.

(C) Modern India:

Sources of Modern Indian History, India in the 18th Century, European Companies and their Conflicts in Bengal and Other Indian States. Changes in the Land Revenue System and Early Indian Resistance. Revolt of 1857 – Causes, Events, Nature, and Repercussions. Indian Renaissance during the 18th Century: Women and Lower Castes Emancipation. British Education Policy. Colonization and its Effects on Indigenous Textile Industry – Origin of Industrialization. Urbanization and Architecture during the Colonial Period. Rise of Nationalism, Indian National Movement (1885-1947), Role of Gandhi Ji, Neta Ji & INA Independence & Partition. Framing of the Indian Constitution, Role of Haryana in the Indian National Movement. Fifty years of Indian Independence.

(D) World History:

History of Human Evolution – Origin of Homo Sapiens. Prehistoric Man – History, Tools, etc. Rise of Islam – Caliphate, Confucianism, Jewish and Persian Philosophies, Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Feudalism in Europe during the Medieval Period, the role of the Church in the socio-political life of Europe. European Renaissance – Development of Urban Centers in Medieval Europe. Colonization, Imperialism.

Subject-related Pedagogy.

Geography

(A) Geography of India:

India –Size, Location, and Neighbouring Countries, Physical Structure and Physiographic Divisions, Drainage, Climate and Monsoon, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife, Natural Hazards and Disasters, Water Resources, Land Resources, and Agriculture, Minerals and Energy Resources, Manufacturing Industries, Population – Distribution, Density, Growth, Composition, Human Settlements – Types, Patterns, and Distribution, Transport and Communication, International Trade, Hazards and Disasters in India, Planning and Sustainable Development in the Indian Context, Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems, Subject-Related Pedagogy.

(B) Physical Geography:

Geography as a Discipline, its Development and Scope, Solar System, Motions of the Earth, The Origin and Evolution of the Earth, Origin and Distribution of Oceans and Continents, Earth's Interior – Structure and Composition, Geomorphic Processes, Landforms and Their Evolution, Composition and Structure of Atmosphere, Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature, Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems, Water in the Atmosphere, World Climate and Climate Change, Oceanic Water and its Movements, Biodiversity and Conservation, Subject-Related Pedagogy.

(C) Human Geography:

Meaning, Principles, Nature and Scope, Human Development, Economic Activities- Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Activities, World Population - Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition, Transport and Communication, International Trade, Subject Related Pedagogy.

Political Science

(A)

• Political Theory: Nature, Scope, and Significance of Political Theory, State – Elements and Various Theories of its Origin, Nature & Functions, Sovereignty, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rights, Citizenship, Nationalism, Secularism, Peace and Concept of Development, Consumers Protection Rights, Feminism.
• Forms of Government: Democratic and Dictatorial, Parliamentary and Presidential (with reference to the UK, India and the USA). Unitary and Federal (with reference to the UK, India and the USA).
• Democracy: Concept, Various Types, Theories, and Methods of Representation in Democracy, Popular Struggle and Various Movements for Democracy. Various Challenges to Democracy – Inequality, Poverty, Economic Growth and Development, Illiteracy, Linguism, Regionalism, Communalism, Casteism, Separatism, Political Violence, National Integration, Gender Issues, Religion, Marginalization.

(B)

• Indian Constitution: Constitutional Development and Making of the Constitution of India, Sources, Features, Preamble and Political Philosophy. Citizenship, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy. Union Executive – President, Vice President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, Union Legislature – Composition, Procedure of Lawmaking, Parliamentary Committees, Amendment Procedure, State Legislature.
• Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, Judicial Review and Judicial Activism Public Interest Litigation, Right to Information Act, Federalism and its functioning with respect to Union-State Relations, NITI Aayog and National Development Council (NDC), Public Policy, Official language, Development of Panchayati Raj Institutions and 73rd Constitutional Amendment, Election Commission, Electoral Process and Electoral Reforms, Politics of Defection, Party System in India, National and Regional Political Parties, Interest Groups and Pressure Groups, Coalition Government, Politics of Reservation.

(C)

• International Relations & Politics: Evolution and various approaches to the study of International Relations & Politics, National power, National Interest, Balance of Power, Collective Security, World Government, New International Economic order, World Trade Organization.
• United Nations: Origin and Evolution of the UN, Organs of the UN, Specialized Agencies of the UN, Role of the Security Council, Role of the Secretary-General of UN, Democratization of the UN, UN and the Unipolar World, UN and Security in Contemporary World, UN and Human Rights.
• Foreign Policy of India – Basic Principles, India and its Neighbors (Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and China) Relations with the USA and Russia, Era of Cold War and Post-Cold War. NAM and its Relevance, Collapse of Bipolarity, New World Order, European Union, SAARC, ASEAN, WTO, IMF, World Bank, India's role in G-7, G20, SCO and BRICS, Disarmament, India's Security Strategy, Nuclear Policy of India, Globalization, Environmentalism, International Terrorism.
• Subject-related Pedagogy.

Economics

(A)

• Economics: Meaning, Definitions, Scope, Economic Problems, Production Possibility Curve (PPC).
• Data Collection: Sources of Data, Methods of Data Collection, National Sample Survey Office (N.S.S.O.), Census of India.
• Data Presentation: Geometric Forms (Bar and Pie Diagram), Frequency Diagrams (Histogram, Polygon, and Ogive), Arithmetic Line Graphs (Time Series Graph).
• Measurement of Central Tendency: Arithmetic Mean (Simple and Weighted), Harmonic Mean, Geometric Mean, Median, Mode, Decile, Quartile, Percentile.
• Measures of Dispersion: Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Measures of Relative Dispersion.
• Correlation: Scatter Diagram, Karl Pearson's Method, Spearman's Rank Correlation Method, Concurrent Deviation Method.
• Index Numbers: Meaning, Various types of Index Numbers, Uses of Index Number, Consumer Price Index (CPI). Wholesale Price Index, AICPIN, Time and Factor Reversal Tests, Base shifting.
• Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence: Characteristics of Indian Economy – Pre and Post Independence.
• Economic Planning: Meaning, Planning Commission, Characteristics of Indian Economic Planning, 5-Year Plans, Successes and Failures of 5-Year Economic Plans, Green revolution, Niti Aayog.
• New Economic Reforms: New Economic Policy-1991, LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization).

(B)

• Poverty: Type of Poverty, Data analysis of Poverty in India, Poverty Alleviation Programs.
• Rural Development: Various Programs of Rural Development, Agriculture Credit, Cooperative Banks, Agricultural Marketing, NABARD.
• Employment: Meaning, Types of Unemployment, Employment Generation Programs.
• Infrastructure: Energy, Transport and Communication, Irrigation, Health, Financial Institutions.
• Sustainable Development: Meaning, Measurement of Sustainable Development, Environment's Role, Environmental Pollution.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Concepts of National Income, Human Development Index (HDI), HPI Index, PQLI Index.
• Microeconomics: Definitions, Nature and Scope, Limitations.
• Economic Problems: Central Problems of Economy, Production Possibility Curve (PPC) & its Applications, Capitalist Economy, Mixed Economy and Socialistic Economy, Opportunity Cost.
• Consumer Behavior: Utility Analysis – Cardinal & Ordinal, Budget line, Indifference Curve and its Characteristics, Applications of Indifference Curves, Consumer Equilibrium, Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS).
• Demand Analysis: Law of Demand, Normal, Inferior and Giffin Goods, Determinants, Exceptions of Law of Demand, Price Effect, Income Effect and Substitution Effect, Hick's and Slutsky's Theory, Revealed Preference Approach.
• Elasticity of Demand: Degrees, Types and Measurement of Elasticity of Demand, Uses/Importance of Price and Income Elasticity of Demand.
• Production Function: Basic concepts, Law of Returns of Scale, Law of Returns to a Factor, Economics and Diseconomies of Scale, MRTS.
• Cost: Classical and Modern Theory of Cost, Concepts of Cost, Short Run and Long Run Costs, Relationship between various Cost Curves.

(C)

• Revenue: Concepts of Revenue and their Inter-relationship.
• Markets: Perfect Competition, Equilibrium of Firm and Industry, Supply Curve, Market Price and Normal Price, Control Price and Support Price, Food Availability Decline (FAD) Theory.
• Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition, and Oligopoly: Features and Comparisons of Various Models of Oligopoly and Duopoly.
• Macroeconomics: Nature, Scope, and Limitations, Stock and Flow. Circular Flow of Income – Real and Monetary Flow, Two, Three, and Four Sector Models, Withdrawals, and Injections.
• National Income: Concepts Related to National Income, Income Method, Product Method, Expenditure Method, National Income Accounting, Nominal National Income, Real GDP, GNP Deflator.
• Money: Meaning and Definitions of Money, Concept of Near Money, Functions of Money, Money Supply, Determinants of Money Supply, RBI and its Role in Controlling Money Supply. Functions of Commercial and Central Banks, Credit Creation.
• Determination of Output and Employment: AD and AS Analysis, MPC, APC, APS, MPS, MEC, Supply Price, Prospective Yield, Classical Approach and Keynesian Approach of Employment, Consumption Hypothesis.
• Investment Multipliers: Meaning, MPC & Multiplier, Forward and Backward Actions of Multiplier, Static and Dynamic Multiplier.
• Deficient and Excess Demand: Inflationary Gap, Measures to Control Deficient and Excess Demand, Role of Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, and Foreign Trade Policy.
• Government Budget: Meaning, Objectives & Structure of Budget, Budget Receipts, Tax and Non-Tax Receipts, Budget Expenditure, Budget Deficit – Meaning, Types, and Measurement, Deficit Budgeting, Balance Budget.
• Foreign Exchange Rate: Meaning, Types; Exchange Rate Theories.
• Balance of Payments (BoP): Components, Disequilibrium in BoP, Methods to Control Adverse BoP, BoP in Economic Plans, Balance of Trade (BoT).
• Subject-related Pedagogy.

Mathematics

(A)

• Arithmetic, Algebra and Trigonometry: Real number system and its analysis, Arithmetic Progressions, Polynomials, Linear equations in two variables, Quadratic Equations, Introduction to Trigonometry and its applications to find Heights and Distances.
• Geometry and Mensuration: Euclid's Geometry, Lines and Angles, Congruence and Similarity of Triangles, Quadrilateral, Circle, Heron's Formula, Area Related to Circles, Surface area and Volumes of combination of Solids.
• Statistics and Probability: Bar graph, Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode and Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data. Probability Theoretical Approach, Axiomatic Approach, Conditional Probability, Multiplication Theorem on Probability, Independent Events, Bayes' Theorem, Theorem of total probability.

(B)

• Sets, Relations and Functions: Sets and their Representations, Types of Sets, Venn Diagrams, Operations on Sets (Union, Intersection, Difference), Complement of a Set, Ordered Pairs, Cartesian Product of Sets, Relation and its types, Function and its Types, Algebra of Functions, Composition of Functions, Invertible Functions, Radian and Degree Measure, Trigonometric Functions and their Graphs, Principal Value and Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
• Algebra: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations, Argand Plane, Linear Inequalities, Linear Programming Problem and its Mathematical Formation, Permutations and Combinations, Binomial Theorem, Pascal's Triangle, Sequences and Series(G.P.), Relation between Arithmetic and Geometric Means, Matrices and its Types, Operations on Matrices, Transpose of a Matrix, Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrices, Invertible Matrices, Determinants of matrices of order one, two and three, Area of a Triangle using Determinants, Minors and Cofactors, Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix, Solution of system of linear equations using inverse of a matrix.

(C)

• Calculus: Intuitive Idea of Limit, Limits of different functions(Polynomial, Rational, Trigonometric, Exponential and Logarithmic functions), Definition of Continuity and Differentiability, Algebra of Continuous and Differentiable functions, Definition of Derivative, Algebra of Derivatives, Derivatives of different functions (Polynomial function, Trigonometric function, Composite functions, Chain Rule, Implicit functions, Inverse Trigonometric functions, Exponential and Logarithmic functions),Logarithmic Differentiation, Derivatives of functions in Parametric Forms, Second Order Derivative, Rate of change of Quantities, Application of Derivatives, Increasing and Decreasing functions, Maxima and Minima, Process of Integration, Different methods of Integration, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution, Properties of Definite Integrals. Application of Integrals, Area under Simple Curves.
• Vectors and Coordinate Geometry: Two and Three Dimensional Coordinate Geometry, Straight Lines, Conic Sections(circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section), Coordinate axes and Coordinate planes in three dimensions, Distance between two points, Definition of Vector, Position Vector, Direction Cosines. Types of Vectors, Addition of Vectors, Multiplication of a vector by a Scalar, Components of a Vector, Vector joining Two Points, Section Formula, Scalar (or dot) Product of Two Vectors, Projection of a Vector on a line, Vector (or cross) product of Two Vectors, Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios of a Line, Equation of a Line in Space, Angle between two Lines, Shortest Distance between Two Lines.
• Subject related Pedagogy

Note: Difficulty level of questions for HTET Level-3 (PGT) will be up to the standard of post graduate level.

Topics: For Level-3 (PGT), questions will be based on the topics of the prescribed syllabus of class 9th to 12th by the Education Department, Government of Haryana