Teaching as a profession enjoys widespread popularity across India, extending beyond central teaching examinations to include equally popular state-level teaching assessments. In Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in the country, teaching exams hold significant appeal for residents and attract candidates from various other states, depending on their eligibility.
Uttar Pradesh conducts the UPTET exam to determine teaching eligibility, and other exams such as TGT, PGT, GIC, and SUPERTET are held for the appointment of teachers. Here we will primarily discuss the Pattern, Syllabus, and Strategies associated with Uttar Pradesh's TGT, PGT, and GIC examinations, and the UPTET exam.
Exam Pattern
Understanding the pattern of an exam is crucial for effective preparation, as it enables tailored study strategies and optimizes time management. Familiarity with the exam structure reduces anxiety, boosting confidence on the exam day. This knowledge allows for strategic planning, including the allocation of time and resources based on the weightage of different sections. Moreover, it facilitates adaptive study techniques, ensuring that preparation aligns with the specific question formats or assessment methods. Awareness of the exam pattern aids in setting realistic goals, breaking down the study plan, and prioritizing topics. It also allows candidates to strategically approach questions, considering factors like negative marking. In essence, comprehending the exam pattern not only enhances performance during the test but also streamlines the overall study process, making it more focused and efficient.
All questions within the UPTET will consist of Multiple-choice Questions (MCQs), each offering four alternatives, among which one will be deemed the most appropriate answer. Each question will carry one mark, and no negative marking will be applied.
Paper-I, designed for individuals aspiring to teach classes I to V (Primary Level), and
Paper-II, tailored for those intending to teach classes VI to VIII (Upper Primary Level).
The time allotted for each paper is 2.5 Hours, i.e. 150 Minutes
Paper-I (Structure & Content: All Compulsory)
S. No.
Section
Number of Questions (MCQs)
Marks
(i)
Child Development and Pedagogy (Compulsory)
30
30
(ii)
Language-I : Hindi
30
30
(iii)
Language-II : One of English/ Urdu/ Sanskrit
30
30
(iv)
Mathematics
30
30
(v)
Environmental Studies
30
30
Total
150
150
Paper-II (Structure & Content)
S. No.
Section
Number of Questions (MCQs)
Marks
(i)
Child Development and Pedagogy (Compulsory)
30
30
(ii)
Language-I : Hindi (Compulsory)
30
30
(iii)
Language II : One of English/ Urdu/ Sanskrit (Compulsory)
30
30
(iv)
Mathematics and Science (for Mathematics and Science teacher)
Or
Social Studies/Social Science (for Social Studies/Social Science teacher)
For any other teacher - either (a) or (b)
60
60
Total
150
150
Uttar Pradesh Trained Graduate Teacher (UP TGT)
Written Examination: To be considered for the Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT) position, candidates must undergo a written examination assessing general ability related to the subject. The examination consists of a 500-mark question paper comprising a total of 125 questions, each carrying 4 marks. All questions in the paper are mandatory.
Duration: Candidates will be allotted a time frame of 2 hours to complete the question paper.
Type of Questions: All questions will be in the form of multiple-choice questions (MCQs), providing four answer options for each question. Candidates are required to choose the most suitable option by blackening the circle corresponding to the correct answer on the answer sheet, using a black ink ball pen.
Note : There has been talk of amendment in the TGT examination system in the rules related to the newly formed 'Uttar Pradesh Education Service Selection Commission' (UPESSC). However, no specific amendments have been officially announced yet.
Uttar Pradesh Post Graduate Teacher (UP PGT)
Exam Pattern
1. Written exam
425 Marks
2. Interview
50 Marks
3. As per the provision contained in Rule 12(4)(c) of Uttar Pradesh Secondary Education Service Selection Board Rules, 1998, surcharge on special qualification (Doctorate, M.Ed., B.Ed., For participation in any national level sports competition through the state team)
25 Marks
Total
500 Marks
Written Examination: Aspiring candidates for the position of Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) will undergo a written examination assessing General Ability related to the subject. The examination features a 425-mark question paper comprising a total of 125 questions, with each question carrying a weightage of 3.4 marks. All questions in the paper are mandatory.
Duration: Candidates will have a time limit of 2 hours to complete the question paper during the written examination.
Type of Questions: All questions will be presented in the format of multiple-choice questions (MCQs), offering four answer options for each question. Candidates are required to choose the most suitable option by filling in the circle corresponding to the correct answer on the answer sheet, using a black ink ball pen.
Merit list for interview: The merit list for the Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) interview will be compiled based on the candidates' performance in the written examination.
Note: There has been talk of amendment in the pGT examination system in the rules related to the newly formed 'Uttar Pradesh Education Service Selection Commission' (UPESSC). However, no specific amendments have been officially announced yet.
Uttar Pradesh Government Inter College (UP GIC) Lecturer
The examination for the Uttar Pradesh Government Inter College (GIC) Lecturer is overseen by the Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC), comprising both a preliminary examination and a main (descriptive) examination. Here is a comprehensive overview of the exam pattern:
Preliminary Exam
The preliminary examination will feature a single question paper containing 120 questions covering both General Studies and the Optional Subject, which varies depending on the candidate's chosen post. The General Studies section will comprise 40 questions, while the optional subject section will consist of 80 questions.
These questions will be in the form of 'Multiple Choice' (MCQs), offering four options for candidates to choose the correct answer for each question. Each question carries a weightage of 2.5 marks, resulting in a total of 300 marks for the entire question paper. Additionally, a deduction of 1/3rd of the marks will be applied for each incorrect answer.
Mains
The UPPSC GIC Main examination is a descriptive type exam encompassing two papers– Paper-I (General Hindi & Essay) and Paper-II (Optional Subject).
Paper-I (General Hindi & Essay) carries a total of 100 marks, while Paper-II (Optional Subject) is designed for 300 marks. The time allocated for Paper-I is 2 hours, and for Paper-II, it is 3 hours.
Paper-I will be further divided into 2 sections, namely– General Hindi & Essay, with each section carrying 50 Marks.
Questions in the General Hindi Section will be centred on Grammar, while in the 2nd Section candidates will have to write an essay in not more than 1000 words, which will encompass the following six areas:
Literature & Culture
National Development Schemes/Implementation
Current National-International Social Problems/Remedies
Science and Environment
Natural Disasters and their Preventions
Agriculture, Industry & Trade
The optional subject question paper will be further divided into 3 sections. Section-A will have 5 Questions, carrying 25 marks each and a word limit of 250 words. Section-B will have 5 questions, carrying 15 marks each and a word limit of 150 words. Section-C will have 10 questions, carrying 10 marks each and a word limit of 50 words.
The syllabus for optional subjects will be identical for the preliminary examination and the mains.
The Uttar Pradesh Bachelor of Education Joint Entrance Examination is conducted by various universities in Uttar Pradesh on a rotational basis. This examination serves as a screening process for candidates aspiring to pursue the B.Ed. course in the state. The exam comprises two papers, namely Paper-1 and Paper-2, each divided into Sections A and B, with 100 questions, each carrying 2 marks.
In Paper-1, Section-A focuses on 'General Knowledge' with 50 questions, while Section-B is language-based, allowing candidates to choose between Hindi and English. Section-A is mandatory for all candidates.
Paper-2 includes Section-A, a 'General Aptitude Test' with 50 questions, and Section-B, offering streams like Arts/Science/Commerce/Agriculture. Section-A is compulsory for all candidates, and they can choose their preferred stream in Section-B based on the information provided in their application form. Questions related to each stream are at the Graduation level.
Notably, there is a penalty of 1/3rd of the marks for every incorrect answer in both papers, emphasizing the importance of accuracy in responses.
Strategy & Syllabus
A thoughtful approach before exams is essential for students to excel, impacting crucial aspects such as time management, topic prioritization, stress reduction, and optimal resource utilization. This method enables the effective distribution of time, ensuring a well-rounded focus on different exam sections. Prioritizing key topics aids in easing anxiety by familiarizing students with the exam pattern. Additionally, this approach promotes the efficient use of resources, facilitates productive revision, and instills confidence through goal-setting and adaptive methodologies. In summary, this strategy empowers students to confidently confront exams, enhancing their performance under various exam conditions. Recognizing this, we have developed comprehensive strategies for the important teaching exams conducted in Uttar Pradesh. We believe that by studying and applying these strategies, students can not only increase their likelihood of passing the exam but also achieve higher marks.
The Uttar Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test (UPTET) is a crucial examination for individuals aspiring to become teachers in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Here's a comprehensive exam strategy to help you prepare effectively for the UPTET:
Familiarize yourself with the UPTET exam pattern, including the number of papers, sections, and marking scheme.
Obtain a detailed syllabus for both Paper-I and Paper-II. Focus on subjects such as Child Development and Pedagogy, Language-I and II, Mathematics, and Environmental Studies for Paper-I, and for Paper-II, focus on subjects relevant to your chosen teaching level. We will be providing the detailed syllabus here as well.
Understand the principles of child development and educational psychology. Focus on theories, teaching methodologies, and educational thinkers. Practice solving previous years' questions to familiarize yourself with the exam pattern.
Enhance your proficiency in both Language-I and Language-II. Work on grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension. Practice writing essays, letters, and passages to improve language skills.
For Paper-I, focus on basic mathematical concepts and Environmental Studies relevant to primary education. Ensure a clear understanding of fundamental topics. Practice solving problems to improve speed and accuracy.
If you are appearing for Paper-II, choose your subject specialization wisely. Revise the core concepts and teaching methodologies specific to your chosen subject. Practice solving subject-related questions.
Take regular mock tests to simulate exam conditions. Practice solving previous years' question papers to understand the exam pattern and identify your strengths and weaknesses.
Develop effective time management skills. Allocate specific time to each section during practice sessions to improve speed and accuracy. Focus on completing the paper within the stipulated time.
Regularly revise key concepts and formulas. Create concise notes for quick revision. Revise the entire syllabus multiple times to reinforce your understanding.
The Detailed Syllabus for UPTET Paper-I is as follows:
Section-1: Child Development and Pedagogy
(A) Child Development
Meaning, necessity and scope of child development, stages of child development, physical development, mental development, emotional development, language development – development of expressive ability, creativity and development of creative ability.
Basis of child development and factors influencing them – inheritance, environment (Family, social, school, communication medium)
(B) Meaning and Principles of Learning
Meaning of learning, its affecting factors, Influential methods of learning
Rules of learning – The main rules of learning of Thorndike’s and their importance in learning
The key principles of learning and their practical utility in classroom teaching, Principle of Thorndike’s attempt and error, Pavlov’s relation theory of feedback, Skinner’s action learning theory, Kohler’s theory of understanding or Insight, Vygotsky’s Theory of Learning Curve – Meaning and Type, Meaning of plateau in the cause and solution.
(C) Teaching and Learning Methods
Meaning and purpose of teaching, communication,
principles of teaching,
sources of teaching,
teaching methods, new methods of teaching (approach),
basic teaching, and basic skills of teaching.
(D) Inclusive Education - Guidance and Counselling
Nature of Mathematical/Logical Thinking: Understanding the Child's Thinking and Reasoning Patterns and Learning Strategies.
Place of Mathematics In The Curriculum
Language of Mathematics.
Community Mathematics
Evaluation Through Formal and Informal Methods.
Problems of Teaching
Error Analysis and Relevant Aspects of Learning and Teaching.
Diagnostic and Remedial Teaching.
Section-5: Environmental Studies
(A) Content
Family.
Food, Health and Hygiene.
Shelter.
Trees, Plants and Animals.
Our Environment.
Fair
People and Businesses associated with Local Professions.
Water.
Transport and Communication.
Sports and Sportsmanship.
India - Rivers, Mountains, Plateaus, Forests, Transport, Continents, and Oceans.
Our State - Rivers, Mountains, Plateau, Forests, Transport.
Constitution.
Governance - Local Self-government, Gram Panchayat, Nagar Panchayat, Zila Panchayat, Municipality, Municipal Corporation, District Administration, State Government, Legislature, Judiciary, Executive, National Festivals, National Symbols, Voting, National Unity.
Environment - Necessity, Importance and Utility, Environment Protection, Social Sense of Responsibility towards the Environment, Schemes run for Environmental Protection.
(B) Teaching-related Issues
Concept and Scope of Environmental Studies.
Importance of Environmental Studies, integrated Environmental Studies.
Environmental Studies and Environmental Education.
Learning Principles.
Scope and Relationship of Science and Social Sciences.
Approaches to Presenting Concepts.
Activities.
Experiment/Practical work.
Discussion.
Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE).
Teaching Materials/Aids.
Issues.
The Detailed Syllabus for UPTET Paper-II (Social Studies) is as follows:
Section-1: Child Development and Pedagogy
(A) Child Development
Meaning, necessity and scope of child development, stages of child development, physical development, mental development, emotional development, language development – development of expressive ability, creativity and development of creative ability.
Basis of child development and factors influencing them – inheritance, environment (Family, social, school, communication medium)
(B) Meaning and Principles of Learning
Meaning of learning, its affecting factors, Influential methods of learning
Rules of learning – The main rules of learning of Thorndike’s and their importance in learning
The key principles of learning and their practical utility in classroom teaching, Principle of Thorndike’s attempt and error, Pavlov’s relation theory of feedback, Skinner’s action learning theory, Kohler’s theory of understanding or Insight, Vygotsky’s Theory of Learning Curve – Meaning and Type, Meaning of plateau in the cause and solution.
(C) Teaching and Learning Methods
Meaning and purpose of teaching, communication,
principles of teaching,
sources of teaching,
teaching methods, new methods of teaching (approach),
basic teaching, and basic skills of teaching.
(D) Inclusive Education - Guidance and Counselling
Stone age Culture, Chalcolithic Culture, Vedic Culture
India during the 6th Century BCE
The Early States of India
Establishment of Mauryan Empire in India
Post-Mauryan India, Gupta Period, Rajput-era India, Pushyabhuti Dynasty, States of South India
The Arrival of Islam in India
Establishment, Expansion, Disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate
Mughal Empire, Culture, Decline
The Arrival of European Powers in India and the Establishment of the British Rule Expansion of Company Rule in India
Renaissance in India, Rise of Nationalism in India
Independence Movement, Independence, the Partition of India
Challenges of Independent India
II. Civics
Us and Our Society
Rural and Urban Society and Living Conditions
Rural and Urban Self-Government
District Administration
Our Constitution
Traffic Safety
Central and State Governments
Democracy in India
Country’s Security and Foreign Policy
Global Community and India
Citizen Security
Disability
III. Geography
Earth in the Solar System, Globe – Determination of Locations on Earth, Earth’s Movements.
Mapping, Four Circles of Earth, Lithosphere – Earth’s Structure, Major Landforms of Earth
India in the World, India’s Physical Form, Soil, Vegetation and Wildlife, India’s Climate, India’s Economic Resources, Traffic, Trade, and Communication.
Uttar Pradesh – Location in India, Political Division, Climate, Soil, Vegetable and Wildlife Agriculture, Minerals, Industry, Population and Urbanization
Factors affecting Surface Forms (Internal and External Factors)
Atmosphere, Hydrosphere
Major Natural Regions of the World and Daily Life
Mineral Resources, Industries
Disaster and Disaster Management
IV. Environmental Studies
Environment, Natural Resources, and Their Utility
Natural Balance
Use of Resources
Impact of Population Growth on the Environment, Environmental Pollution
Waste Management, Disasters
Environmentalists, Awards in the Field of Environment, Environment Day, Environmental Calendar
V. Home Science
Health and Hygiene
Nutrition, Diseases, and Ways to Avoid Them, First Aid
Food Preservation
Pollution
Digestive Diseases and Common Diseases
Home Management, Sewing, Washing, Cooking, Weaving, Embroidery
VI. Physical Education & Sports
Physical Education, Exercise, Yoga, and Pranayama
Marching, National Sports and Awards
Small and Recreational Sports, International Sports
Sports and Our Food
First Aid
Side Effects of Drugs and Measures to Prevent them, Sports, Sports Management, and Planning
Shrubs and Vines, Ornamental Plants, Seasonal Flower Cultivation, Fruit Cultivation, Herb Garden, Vegetable Cultivation
Propagation, Vegetable Propagation
Fruit Testing, Fruit Preservation – Jam, Jelly, Sauce, Pickle Making
Climatology
Crop Cycle
(B) Teaching-related Issues
Concept and Method of Social Studies
Procedures, Activities, and Discourse of the Classroom
Developing Critical Thinking
Inquiry/Empirical Evidences
Problems of Teaching Social Science / Social Studies
Project Work
Evaluation
The Detailed Syllabus for UPTET Paper-II (Maths & Science) is as follows:
Section-1: Child Development and Pedagogy
(A) Child Development
Meaning, necessity and scope of child development, stages of child development, physical development, mental development, emotional development, language development – development of expressive ability, creativity and development of creative ability.
Basis of child development and factors influencing them – inheritance, environment (Family, social, school, communication medium)
(B) Meaning and Principles of Learning
Meaning of learning, its affecting factors, Influential methods of learning
Rules of learning – The main rules of learning of Thorndike’s and their importance in learning
The key principles of learning and their practical utility in classroom teaching, Principle of Thorndike’s attempt and error, Pavlov’s relation theory of feedback, Skinner’s action learning theory, Kohler’s theory of understanding or Insight, Vygotsky’s Theory of Learning Curve – Meaning and Type, Meaning of plateau in the cause and solution.
(C) Teaching and Learning Methods
Meaning and purpose of teaching, communication,
Principles of teaching,
Sources of teaching,
Teaching methods, new methods of teaching (approach),
Basic teaching, and Basic skills of teaching.
(D) Inclusive Education - Guidance and Counselling
Integers, Brackets Least Common Multiple and Highest Common Factor
Square Root
Cube Root
Identities
Algebra, Concepts– Variable Numbers, Constant Numbers, Powers of Variable Numbers
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of Algebraic Expressions, Terms and Coefficients of Terms of Algebraic Expressions, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Terms, Degree of Expressions, Concept of Monomial, Binomial and Trinomial Expressions
Simultaneous Equations, Quadratic Equations, Linear Equations
Parallel Lines, Constructions of Quadrilaterals, Triangles
Statistics– Classification of Data, Pictographs, Mean, Median and Mode, Frequency
Pie and Bar Charts, Mapping of Ungrouped Data
Probability Graphs, Bar Diagrams and Mixed Bar Diagrams
Cartesian Plane
Mensuration
Exponent
(B) Pedagogical Issues
Nature of Mathematical/Logical Thinking
Place of Mathematics in the Curriculum
Language of Mathematics
Community Mathematics
Evaluation
Remedial Teaching
Problems of Teaching
2. Science
(A) Content
Science in Daily Life, Important Discoveries, Importance, Human Sciences and Technologies
Fibers and Textiles, From Fibers to Textiles. (Process)
Living, Non-Living Things, Living World, Classification of Living Beings, Classification of Plants on the Basis of Animals and Plants, and Classification of Animals, Adaptation in Living Beings, Changes in Animals and Plants
Structure and Functions of Animals
Micro-organisms and Their Classification
From Cell to Organ Systems
Adolescence, Disability
Food, Health, Sanitation and Disease, Crop Production, Nitrogen Cycle
Nutrition in Animals
Nutrition, Reproduction in Plants, Beneficial Plants
Respiration in Living Organisms, Excretion, Beneficial Animals
Measurement
Electric Current
Magnetism
Motion, Force and Machine
Energy
Computer
Sound
Static Electricity
Light and Light-based Instruments
Air – Properties, Composition, Necessity, Utility, Ozone Layer, Greenhouse Effect
Water – Necessity, Utility, Source, Properties, Pollution, Water Conservation
Matter, Groups of Matter, Separation of Matter, Structure and Nature of Matter
Physical and Chemical Changes Occurring in the Neighborhood
Acids, Alkalis, Salts
Heat and Temperature
Human-Made Objects, Plastic, Glass, Soap, Clay
Minerals and Metals
Carbon and Its Compounds
Alternative Sources of Energy
(B) Teaching-related Issues
Nature and Structure of Science
Natural Sciences– Aims and Objectives
Understanding and Appreciating Science
Approach/Integrated Approach
Observation/Experiment/Investigation. (Method of Science)
Innovation
Curriculum Material/Aids
Evaluation
Issues
Remedial Teaching
UP TGT
Preparing for the Uttar Pradesh Trained Graduate Teacher (UP TGT) Exam requires a well-structured strategy to cover the syllabus comprehensively and perform well on the day of the examination. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you prepare effectively:
Familiarize yourself with the exam pattern, including the number of questions, subjects, and marking scheme.
Carefully study the syllabus and categorise topics according to their importance and your comfort level in them.
Develop a realistic study schedule based on the time remaining until the exam. Allocate specific time slots for each subject, giving more time to areas where you feel less confident.
Choose reliable study materials, including textbooks, reference guides, and online resources. To help you further in that regard, Drishti Publications has published a series of books catering to the UP TGT examination. You can also enrol in our courses for the same.
Carefully analyse PYQs to understand the exam pattern and question types. Solve sample papers and practice questions regularly to improve your speed and accuracy. Take mock tests regularly to assess your progress. Analyze your performance, identify weak areas, and work on improving them.
The Detailed Syllabus for the Uttar Pradesh TGT Exam is as follows:
Social Science
History
Palaeo-historical Cultures- Pre-Stone Age, Middle Stone Age, Neolithic Age, their main characteristics
Ancient Age- Indus Valley Civilization, Major Features
Vedic Period- Pre-Vedic Period, Post-Vedic Period, Political, Social, Religious and Economic Life
Religious Movements- Jainism, Buddhism, Bhagavata Dharma and Shaivism
Mauryan Period - Political History, Society and Culture
Gupta Dynasty – Political History, Society and Culture
Chola Dynasty – Administration
Arrival, Invasion and Influence of Islam in India
Establishment of Delhi Sultanate- Contribution of Qutubuddin Aibak, Evaluation of Iltutmish, Biography and Achievements of Balban.
Achievements of Alauddin Khalji
Tughlaq Dynasty- Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Mohammad Bin Tughlaq, Firozshah Tughlaq
Taimur's Invasion
Bahmani Empire
Syed and Lodi Dynasty
Mughal Dynasty – Babar, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj- Biography and Achievements
Modern India (1858-1950 AD)
Reasons, Nature and Consequences of the First War of Independence in 1857 AD
Indian Renaissance and Socio-religious Movements in the 19th Century, Contribution of Mahatma Gandhi to the National Movement.
India after Independence and Partition (up to 1950 AD)
Geography
Physical Geography: Solar System – Origin, Earth's shape and movements in the Solar System, effects of Earth's Movements, Solar Eclipse and Lunar Eclipse, Representation of Latitude and Longitude, Determination of the Location of any place on the Globe, Determination of Local and Standard Time; International Date Line - Tracing and Significance.
Lithosphere: Origin and Types of Rock; Volcanic Activity/Types of Volcanoes and World Distribution; Earthquakes– Origin and World Distribution; Distribution of Continents and Oceans; Mountains and their Types; Major Plateaus of the World and their Types; Plains and River Valleys; Erosion and Weathering Processes, Davis' Erosion Cycle, Degradation Process of River Valleys, Major Landforms formed in different stages by Water Erosion, Contour Lines and identification of major landforms through Contour Lines.
Atmosphere: Composition of the Atmosphere; Insolation and factors affecting it; Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Temperature, Temperature Contrast; Air Pressure Belts and Permanent Winds, Important Local Winds; Types of Precipitation – Convectional, Surface and Cyclonic Rainfall; Process of Precipitation, like- Rain, Frost, Fog etc.; Climate Regions of the World, Identification of Symbols used in daily Weather Maps.
Hydrosphere: Top of the Oceans; Ocean Temperature and Salinity; Ocean Currents – Origin, Flow Direction and Climatic Effects, Tides and Theories of Origin.
Biosphere: Structure; Types of Vegetation, Global Distribution and related Wildlife Areas.
Human Geography: Human-Environment Interaction; Theoretical Discussion – Opinions of Ratzel, Davis, Semple, Huntington, Vidal-de-la-Blache, Brunsch and Griffith Taylor; Analysis of Population Growth and Distribution in the World; Human Species, Major Human Races of the World - Characteristic Differences and Distribution of Caucasians, Mongoloids, Primitive Races of the World and interrelation with their respective Habitats, with special reference to Bushmen, Eskimos, Khirgis, Masai, Semang.
Human Settlement: Form of Rural Settlement in Major Natural Regions and its relation to the Environment, Major Large Cities of the World - Location and Importance.
Economic Geography: Geographical Analysis of Major Crops of the World – Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane, Sugar Beet, Tea, Coffee and Rubber; Fishing, Forest Exploitation and Milk Production in the World; Major Energy and Mineral Resources – Coal, Petroleum, Iron Ore, Manganese, Bauxite And Copper; Factors affecting Location of Major Industries in the World and their Distribution – Iron-Steel, Cotton and Synthetic Textiles, Paper, Oil Refining; Major Industrial Regions – North-eastern United States, Kinky, Ruhr, Ukraine, Canton, Shanghai, Shenyang, Brazilian Plateau, Cape Town-Natal; Major Trade Routes and Ports of the World.
India's Location and Extent: International Boundaries and Land Problems related to it; Indian Ocean and its Economic and Strategic Importance. Surface Form, Water Flow, Origin and Characteristics of Monsoon; Climatic Regions; Soils and their Interrelation with Climate and Natural Vegetation, Problems of Deforestation, Floods and Soil Erosion and their Solutions. Agricultural Foodgrain Production, Progress and Problems; Green, White and Blue Revolutions; Major Crops – Geographical Distribution and Production Trends of Paddy, Wheat, Sugarcane, Pulses, Oilseeds, Tea. Mineral Resources and Problems related to their Exploitation; Energy Crisis and its Solution; Geographical Distribution and Production of Coal and Mineral Oil; Alternative Sources of Energy, Multipurpose Projects and Environmental Problems associated with them. Location and Distribution Pattern of Manufacturing Industries, Iron-Steel, Textiles, Sugar, Paper, Cement and Aluminum Industries; Population Growth and Distribution, Population-generated Problems; Means of Transport; Foreign Trade; Major Cities and Ports.
Economics
Economic Theory: Economics– Definition and Nature, Static and Dynamic Analysis, Micro and Macro Analysis, Law of Demand and Measurement of Elasticity of Demand, Utility Analysis, Consumer's Equilibrium through Indifference Curve, Income Effect, Price Effect, Substitution Effect, Revealed Preference.
Law of Variable Proportions and Law of Returns to Scale, Production Function, Isoquant Analysis, Malthus and Optimal Population Theory.
Principles of Pricing: Equilibrium of Firms in Traditional and Modern Perfect Competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition.
Central Theory of Distribution: Ricardo's Modern Rent Theory, Neo-traditionalist Theory of Interest and Keynes' Theory, Prof. Knight's Profit Theory, Wage Determination in Perfect and Imperfect Competition. Currency and International Trade– Demand for Currency and Supply of Currency, Value of Currency, Fisher and Cambridge University Equations, Inflation, Reflation and Stagflation, Present Indian Monetary System, Modern Trends of Commercial Banks, Credit Creation, Functions of Central Bank, Credit control. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Monetary Policy in Underdeveloped Economies.
International Economy and International Trade: Comparative Cost Theory, Free Trade and Methods of Protection, Terms of Trade.
Exchange Rates, Purchasing Power Parity Theory and Balance of Payments Theory, Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments, Reasons and Solutions to Imbalances.
International Monetary Fund, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Asian Development Bank, World Trade Organization, Revenue and Employment Principles; Private and Public Finance, Principle of Maximum Social Welfare, Principle of Voluntary Exchange, Principle of Tax and Economic Effect, Taxes and Duties, Capacity to pay Tax, Justice in Taxes, Incidence of Tax and Impact of Tax, Principles of Taxation, Objectives and Principles of Public Expenditure, Marginalization. Deficit Financing, Public Debt and Solvency. Government Policy, Sources of Income and Expenditure of Central and State Governments. Traditional and Keynesian Employment Theory; Economic Systems– Capitalism, Socialism and Mixed Economy.
Indian Economy and Economic Development: Characteristics of Indian Economy; Poverty and Development; Population Trends and Population Policy; Distribution and Structure of National Income; Land Reforms; Small and Marginal Farmers, Agrarian Distress and Solutions, Agricultural Marketing, Problem of Underemployment, Visible and Disguised Unemployment- Causes and Solutions.
Problems of Industrialization: New Industrial Policy, Problems of Cottage and Small-scale Industries, Labor Issues, Role of Labor Unions in India, Industrial Disputes.
Foreign Trade in India: Structure and Modern Trends; Import Substitution; Economic Development and Economic Progress, Reasons for lack of Economic Development, Capital Formation, Rostow’s Stages of Economic Development; Principles of Economic Development, Minimum Effort Principle, Measures of Development; Five Year Plans in India.
Civics
Political Theory and Political Science: Definition, Nature and Scope
State: Definition, Constituent Elements, Various Theories of Origin of the State.
Political Concepts: Sovereignty, Theories of Law and Punishment, Liberty, Equality, Rights, Citizenship, Democracy and Dictatorship;
Political Traditions: Individualism, Liberalism, Fascism and Scientific Socialism.
Political Philosophers: Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Bentham, J.S. Mill, Karl Marx, Manu, Kautilya and Gandhi.
Governance and Politics: Constitution, Definition and Classification in the Indian Context, Types of Government – Parliamentary and Presidential, Unitary and Federal, Organs of Government – Legislative, Executive and Judiciary, Electoral System – Election Commission, Electoral Reforms, Political Parties and Voting Behavior, Indian Political System.
Gokhale, Tilak, Gandhi, Nehru, Subhash, Jinnah and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Contribution to the National Movement.
Indian Constitution: Main Features, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy, Union Government – President, Council of Ministers, Parliament and Supreme Court – Judicial Activism, State Government – Governor, Chief Minister, Union-State Relations.
District Administration, District Magistrate, Democratic Decentralization and Panchayati Raj.
Indian Administration: Bureaucracy, Ombudsman, Lokpal and Lokayukta.
Shortcomings of Indian Democracy: Casteism, Regionalism and Communalism in Indian Politics, Political Parties, Problem of National Integration, Political Parties and Pressure Groups.
India and United Nations.
हिंदी
हिन्दी साहित्य का इतिहास : आदिकाल, भक्तिकाल (संत काव्य, सूफी काव्य, रामभक्ति काव्य, कृष्णभक्ति काव्य), रीतिकाल, आधुनिक काल-भारतेंदु युग, द्विवेदी युग, छायावाद, प्रगतिवाद, प्रयोगवाद, नयी कविता।
हिन्दी गद्य साहित्य का विकास : निबंध, नाटक, उपन्यास, कहानी, हिन्दी गद्य की लघु विधाएँ- जीवनी, आत्मकथा, संस्मरण, रेखाचित्र, यात्रा-साहित्य, गद्यकाव्य, व्यंग्य।
भाषा विज्ञान : हिन्दी की बोलियाँ, विभाषाएँ, हिन्दी की शब्द संपदा, हिन्दी की ध्वनियाँ, देवनागरी लिपि- नामकरण, विकास, विशेषताएँ, त्रुटियाँ, सुधार के प्रयत्न।
व्याकरण : लिंग, वचन, कारक, संधि, समास, वर्तनी तथा वाक्य शुद्धीकरण, शब्द रूप- पर्यायवाची, विलोम, श्रुति समभिन्नार्थक शब्द, वाक्यांश के लिये एक शब्द; मुहावरा, लोकोक्ति।
संस्कृत साहित्य :
संस्कृत के प्रमुख रचनाकार एवं उनकी रचनाएँ- कालिदास, भवभूति, माघ, दण्डी, श्रीहर्ष।
व्याकरण- सन्धि (स्वर एवं व्यञ्जन सन्धि), समास, शब्द रूप, धातु रूप, कारक प्रयोग, अनुवाद।
Note: To enhance comprehensibility of the syllabus, it has been reformatted into a point-by-point structure with modifications and verbal adjustments for clarity.
UP PGT
To prepare effectively for the Uttar Pradesh Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) Exam, it is crucial to adopt a well-organized strategy. Here's a step-by-step guide to guide you through the preparation process:
Understand the number of questions, subjects, and the marking scheme of the exam. You can also refer to the ‘Exam Pattern’ section of this page for the same.
Carefully analyze the syllabus and categorize topics based on their significance and your comfort level with them. Prioritize areas where you need more focus and allocate study time accordingly.
Create a study timetable considering the time available until the exam. Allocate specific time slots for each subject, dedicating more time to areas where you feel less confident.
Select trustworthy study materials such as textbooks, reference guides, and online resources. Drishti Publications offers a series of books specifically designed for the UP PGT examination (in Hindi). Consider enrolling in our courses for additional support.
Study previous year's questions to comprehend the exam pattern and question types. Solve sample papers and practice questions regularly to enhance your speed and accuracy.
Engage in regular mock tests to simulate exam conditions and assess your progress. Analyze your performance, identify weak areas, and develop targeted study plans for improvement.
By following these steps, you can build a comprehensive and effective preparation strategy for the UP PGT Exam.
The Detailed Syllabus for the Uttar Pradesh PGT Exam is as follows:
History
Sources of Ancient Indian History and Prehistoric Period/Indus Valley Civilization/Vedic Civilization/Religious Movements in Ancient India
Paleo-historic Cultures: Pre-Stone Age, Middle Stone Age, Neolithic Age and their Major Characteristics
Indus Valley Civilization: Urban Planning, Religious and Social Life
Vedic Period: Pre-Vedic period and Post-Vedic Period – Social Condition, Religious Condition, Economic Condition, and Political Condition.
Religious Movements: Jainism, Buddhism, Bhagavata Dharma, Shaivism, Shankaracharya's Contribution in the Reorganization of Hinduism
India in the 6th Century BCE/Maurya Empire/Post-Mauryan Period/Gupta Empire/Post-Gupta period (Early Medieval Period)/Sangam Period/Indian Dynasties before the Invasion of Turks
Political history, Evaluation of Ashoka, society and culture
Gupta Dynasty: Political History, Art, Religion, Philosophy and Society, Economic and Social Changes in the post-Gupta Period.
Chola Dynasty: Political History, Chola Administration
Political and Social Situation of North India (from 800 AD to 1200 AD)
Invasion of Turks/Delhi Sultanate/Sufi and Bhakti Movements/Maratha Empire/Mughal Period
Mahmud Ghaznavi, Muhammad Ghori, Establishment of Delhi Sultanate – Evaluation of Achievements of Qutbuddin Aibak, Iltutmish's place among the Sultanate Rulers; Importance of Razia Sultan in Medieval Indian History
Balban's Early Difficulties, Balban's Theory of Kingship; Khilji- Revolution and its Importance, Expansion of Alauddin Khilji's Empire, Market Price Control Policy, Land Revenue Reforms, Southern Policy.
Tughlaq Dynasty - Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq - Biography and Achievements; Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, Various Plans, Critical Evaluation of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq; Firozshah Tughlaq; Taimur Invasion and its Impact
Bahmani dynasty, Vijayanagara, Sayyid and Lodi dynasty
Mughal Dynasty – Political, Social, Economic and Cultural Condition during the reigns of Babar, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.
The Fall of the Mughal Empire; Rise of Marathas - Biography and Achievements of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
History of Modern India
Arrival of the East India Company in India: Political and Economic Effects of British rule in India
Causes, Nature and Consequences of the Revolt of 1857
Renaissance and Socio-economic Movements in the 19th Century
Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Raja Rammohan Roy, Aurobindo Ghose, Annie Besant and Rabindranath Tagore.
Contribution of Mahatma Gandhi in the National Movement and Freedom Struggle
Attainment of Independence
Partition of the Country and India thereafter (Till 2000 AD)
Geography
Definition and Scope of Geography: Concept of Various Scholars related to Geography – Humboldt, Ritter, Ratzel, Hettner, Davis, Vidal-de-la Blache, Carl Sower, Peter Haggett, William Bunge, Harvey and Smith. Major Concepts: Determinism, Possibilism, Neo-Determinism and Environmental Factorism (Ecosystem)
Physical Geography: Lithosphere – Earth's Internal Structure, Formation of the Lithosphere, Minerals and Rocks, Land Movement, Volcanoes and Earthquakes – Updated Theories, Folding & Faulting and Landforms arising from them, Erosion Cycles and their Geomorphic Impressions; Functions of Underground Water, Air, Sea and Glacier and related Topography.
Atmosphere: Structure - Insolation and Temperature/Heat Budget, Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Temperature, Conditions of Thermal Inversion, Air Pressure Belts and Winds, Movement of Air Pressure Belts and their Effects, Types of Humidity and Precipitation, Types and Forms of Clouds, Temperate and Tropical Cyclone– Formation, Activity and Effects on Weather, Classification of World Climate by Köppen and Thornthwaite.
Hydrosphere: Temperature and Salinity of Ocean Water, Ocean Currents, Tides, Ocean Deposits, Coral Islands and Coral Reefs – Origin, Distribution and Environmental Importance.
Biosphere: Types and Global Distribution of Vegetation, Environmental Importance of Evergreen Forests, Vegetation and Ecosystem, Biological Diversity and its Ecological Importance, Problem of Deforestation, Forest Conservation.
Human Geography: Human-Environment Relationship, Palaeolithic, Neolithic Age, Impact of Technology on Human Environment Interrelation – Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Information Revolution. Environmental Effects of Population Growth, Demographic Models (Models of Population Problem in Developed and Developing Countries).
Economic Geography: Resources and their Classification, Classification of Resources from Different Points of View, Principles of Resource Conservation; Water, Soil, Minerals, Energy Utility Problems and Conservation. Human Resource Conservation. Use of Agricultural Land – Food Grain Production and its Regional Pattern – Wheat, Rice, Cotton, Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Major Agricultural Regions of the World, Industrial Patterns of the World, Reasons for Localization of Industries, Major Principles of Industrial Location – Minimum Cost Theory, Market Competition Theory, Industrial Regions of the World, International Trade – Major Trading Blocks, Major International Transport Routes, Airports and Seaports.
Territorial Geography: Concept of Developed, Developing & Transition Countries and Discussion of Characteristics of each; Study of Natural Features, Population Resource Base and their Development of the Following Regions– (i) Anglo America (ii) European Community (iii) Russia (iv) China (v) Japan (vi) South-East Asia.
Geographical Form of India: (1) Natural Form of India – Relief, Water Flow, Climate, International Pattern of Vegetation and Soil, El-Nino and La-Nina Effects, Drought and Flood Prone Areas, Resource Base – Mineral and Energy Resources, Irrigation, Hydropower, Multipurpose Schemes, Economic Pattern – Agricultural Food Grain Production, Cash Crops, Latest Trends of Agriculture, Industrial Development, Industrial Policy of India, Basic Industries (Iron-Steel), Energy Production, Cement, Aluminium Production, Distribution Pattern and Production Trends, Infrastructure Development and Problems, Regional Pattern of Population Growth and Distribution, Population Growth Problems, Regional Pattern of Economic Development.
Economics
Higher Economic Theory: Concept and Types of Equilibrium, Theory of Demand, Measures of Elasticity of Demand, Cross Elasticity or Inelasticity of Demand, Consumer's surplus, Indifference curve technique, Consumer's equilibrium: Revealed Preference Theory, Law of Variable proportion and Returns to Scale, Production function – Short run & Long run and Cobb-Douglas Production Function.
Theory of Economics: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Duopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition and Price Determination in Socialist Economy. Central and Modern Theory of Distribution, Theory of Rent, Quasi Rent and Opportunity Cost, Modern Theory of Wages, Theory of Interest– Classical Theory, Keynes's Liquidity Preference Theory and Liquidity-Trap, Loanable Funds Theory, Knight and Shackle’s Profit Theory, Production Discontinuation Theorem. Keynes's Employment Theory– Multiplier and Accelerator Theory, Consumption and Investment Function, Theories of Business Cycle– Hawtrey, Hayek and Hicks.
Public Finance: Theories of Public Finance, Private and Public Goods, Public Expenditure– Objectives, Principles and Economic Effects, Balanced and Unbalanced Budget, Fiscal Finance, Functional Finance and War Finance, Fiscal Policy in a Developing Economy. Public Income- Principles of Taxation, Classification of Taxes, Uniformity in Taxes, Tax Burden and Tax Variation, Principle of Tax Burden, Capitalized Tax, Double Variation and Tax Payable Capacity.
Public Debt: Debt burden, taxes versus debt servicing, trends in central and state government finances, 10th Finance Commission, deficit financing (deficit management).
Monetary Economics: Value of money and its measurement – Theory of currency outcome, Fundamental equations of Keynes and Cambridge, Monetary theory of Keynes – Money circulation, demand-driven and cost-driven inflation, Phillips curve, comparative advantage of inflation and currency contraction, monetary institutions, central and Functions of commercial banks, credit creation, central bank, methods of credit control, monetary policy of Reserve Bank of India, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, National Industrial (Long Term) Fund, devaluation, overvaluation, exchange control, direct and indirect methods.
International Economics: Theories of International Trade (Adam Smith, Ricardo and Mill), Theory of Reciprocal Demand, Marshall's Theory of International Price, Opportunity Cost Theory, (Haberler) Theory of General Equilibrium (Heckscher-Ohlin), Leontief Paradox.
Foreign Exchange Rates: Theory of Purchasing Power Parity and Balance of Payments, Terms of Trade, Free Trade versus Protection, Tariff Depreciation, Bilateral and Multilateral trade. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Current Status of Foreign Capital in India, Foreign Aid, International Institutions, IMF, IBRD, International Development Association (IDA), Asian Development Bank, European Common Market and International Liquidity.
Economic Development and The Indian Economy: Problems of Economic Development, Stages of Development, Development Models-classical, Harrod and Domar models. New Concepts of National Income, Trends in National Income, Problems of Poverty and Underemployment, Employment Policy, Energy Crisis, Problems and Remedies of Agricultural Finance, Annapurna Yojana, New Industrial Policy and Enterprises of India, Small and Cottage Industrial Policy, Export Promotion, Social Security and Labor Welfare, Multinational Companies and Indian Economic Development. Theory of Population Transition, Population Growth and Structure in India, Population Policy.
Elementary Statistics: Meaning and Importance of Statistics, Bar Diagram Presentation, Measure of Central Tendency, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation and Correlation.
Civics
Political Theory: Political Science – Definition, Scope, and Study Methods.
State: Definition, Components, and Various Theories of Origin of the State.
Political Concepts: Sovereignty - Meaning, Major Characteristics, Types of Sovereignty, Monist and Pluralist Theories of Sovereignty; Law – Definition, Sources of Law, Law and Morality; Freedom, Equality, Rights & Justice.
Political Traditions: Individualism, Liberalism, Idealism, Anarchism, Fascism, Scientific Socialism, Democracy and Dictatorship.
Political Philosophy: Political Philosophy of Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, J.S. Mill, Karl Marx, Lenin, Mao Zedong, Manu, Kautilya, Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Ambedkar, Lohia, and Jai Prakash Narayan.
Comparative Politics: Federalism – Major Components, Trends, and Problems; Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens; Legislature – Structure and Functions; Executive – Structure, Powers, and Status; Judiciary – Structure, Functions, and Independence; Bureaucracy – Functions, Importance, Commitment, and Neutrality; Electoral System – Problems and Solutions; Political Parties, Pressure Groups, and Public Opinion (Study of the above concepts with special reference to India, Britain, United States, France, and China).
International Politics : Theory and Practice- Key Concepts – Balance of Power, Collective Security, National Interest; Major Trends: Cold War, Detente, Non-Aligned Movement (NAM); International Institutions and Organizations – United Nations and its Agencies, ASEAN, SAARC; Major Issues – Disarmament, New International Economy, North-South Dialogue, South Cooperation, Third World – Concept and Problems; Foreign Policy- United States of America, Russia, and China.
Indian Public Administration : Theory and Practice - Administrative Behaviour – Taking decisions, Principles of Leadership, Communication, Motivation, Organizational Structure, Chief Executive, Sources Staff and Supporting Agencies; Departments, Corporations, and Independent Regulatory Commissions; Personnel Administration; Bureaucracy – Recruitment, Training, Promotion, Integrity in Administration, Accountability and Control – Budget as a Weapon of Parliamentary Control; Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Control over Administration; Administrative Reforms.
हिंदी
हिंदी साहित्य का इतिहास : आदिकालीन साहित्य की प्रमुख प्रवृत्तियाँ, भक्तिकाल (संत काव्य, सूफी काव्य, रामभक्ति काव्य, कृष्णभक्ति काव्य), रीतिकाव्य धारा (रीतिबद्ध, रीतिमुक्त, रीतिसिद्ध), आधुनिक काल- भारतेंदु युग, द्विवेदी युग, छायावाद, प्रगतिवाद, नयी कविता।
गद्य साहित्य का विकास : निबंध, नाटक, कहानी, उपन्यास, आलोचना। हिंदी गद्य की लघु विधाओं का विकासात्मक परिचय- जीवनी, संस्मरण, आत्मकथा, रेखाचित्र, यात्रा-साहित्य, गद्यकाव्य एवं व्यंग्य।
भाषा विज्ञान : हिंदी की उपभाषाएँ, विभाषाएँ, बोलियाँ, हिंदी की शब्द संपदा, हिंदी की ध्वनियाँ।
व्याकरण : हिंदी की वर्तनी, संधि, समास, लिंग, वचन, कारक, विराम चिह्नों का प्रयोग, पर्यायवाची, विलोम, वाक्यांश के लिये एक शब्द, वाक्य शुद्धि, मुहावरा, लोकोक्ति।
संस्कृत साहित्य :
संस्कृत के प्रमुख रचनाकार एवं उनकी रचनाएँ- भास, कालिदास, भारवि, माघ, दण्डी, भवभूति, श्रीहर्ष, मम्मट, विश्वनाथ, राजशेखर।
व्याकरण- सन्धि (स्वर सन्धि, व्यञ्जन सन्धि, विसर्ग सन्धि), समास, विभक्ति, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय, शब्द रूप, धातु रूप, काल, अनुवाद।
Note: To enhance comprehensibility of the syllabus, it has been reformatted into a point-by-point structure with modifications and verbal adjustments for clarity.
UP GIC
The nature of the GIC Exam in Uttar Pradesh sets it apart significantly from other teaching exams in the state, primarily due to the inclusion of a descriptive Main Examination in addition to the Prelims in MCQ format. Therefore, it is crucial for candidates to prioritize both stages, placing slightly greater emphasis on the mains. This entails the development and regular practice of answer writing skills. The strategic approach for the UP GIC Exam is outlined in the following detailed points:
Thoroughly understand the syllabus for both preliminary and main exams. Categorize topics based on your proficiency and prioritize accordingly.
Develop a study timetable that accommodates all sections of the exam. Allocate more time to areas where you need improvement while maintaining a balance.
Focus on building a strong foundation for all subjects covered in the preliminary exam and practice time-bound mock tests to enhance speed and accuracy.
Dive deeper into the subjects covered in the main exam and prioritize topics based on their weightage and importance in the syllabus.
Ensure that you cover all relevant topics in each subject thoroughly. Use standard textbooks and reference materials for in-depth understanding, for this purpose, a series of books published by the Drishti Publications centred on the UP GIC Exam (in Hindi) will be very useful. Candidates can also enrol in our courses for the same.
It is crucial to practice with previous years' question papers to understand the exam pattern and identify recurring themes and frequently asked topics.
Take mock tests specifically designed for the main exam. Simulate exam conditions to familiarize yourself with the writing style and time constraints.
Stay informed about current events, especially those relevant to your subjects. Connect current affairs to topics in the syllabus. It will be very helpful with the General Studies section in the exam.
Remember, consistency and a well-rounded approach to preparation are key. Placing accurate emphasis on each stage of the exam and both the General Studies and the Subject, will help candidates with scoring higher marks and securing final selection in the Uttar Pradesh GIC Exam.
The Detailed Syllabus for the Uttar Pradesh GIC Exam is as follows:
Preliminary Exam
General Studies
General Science (High School Standard)
History of India
Indian National Movement
Indian Polity, Economy & Culture
Indian Agriculture, Commerce & Trade
World Geography & Indian Geography & Natural resources of India
Current National Important events and International
Logic & Reasoning based on General Intelligence
Specific knowledge regarding Education, Culture, Agriculture, Industry Trade, Living & Social Traditions of Uttar Pradesh
Elementary Mathematics up to Class- 8th level: Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry
Ecology and Environment
Optional Subject
The syllabus for the optional subject in the preliminary examination, will be same as that in the Mains.
Mains
General Hindi & Essay
सामान्य हिन्दी
अपठित गद्यांश का संक्षेपण, उससे संबंधित प्रश्न, रेखांकित अंशों की व्याख्या एवं उसका उपयुक्त शीर्षक।
अनेकार्थी शब्द, विलोम शब्द, पर्यायवाची शब्द, तत्सम एवं तद्भव, क्षेत्रीय, विदेशी (शब्द भंडार), वर्तनी, अर्थबोध, शब्द-रूप, संधि, समास, क्रियाएँ, हिंदी वर्णमाला, विराम चिह्न, शब्द रचना, वाक्य रचना, मुहावरे एवं लोकोक्तियाँ, उत्तर प्रदेश की मुख्य बोलियाँ तथा हिंदी भाषा के प्रयोग में होने वाली अशुद्धियाँ।
Essay
The candidates will have to write an essay in not more than 1000 words, which will encompass the following six areas:
Literature & Culture
National Development Schemes/Implementation
Current National-International Social Problems/Remedies
Science and Environment
Natural Disasters and their Preventions
Agriculture, Industry & Trade
Optional Subject (History)
Sources of Indian History
Archaeological, Literary Foreign Description
Unit-1
Prehistory: Early man and his Implements of Stone, Chalcolith, Bronze and Iron.
Proto- History: River Valley Civilization– Harrappan City Civilization, Town-planning, Houses, Sanitation, Great Bath, Granary, Household Materials, Dancing Bronze Girl, Dress and Decorum, Import and Export, Belief, Religion and Disposal of Dead, Art and Artifacts, Dockyard, Seals, Main Sites, and Causes of Downfall.
Early Vedic Culture: Evolution of Social Structure, Varna, King and Ratnin, Marriage and Occupation, Gods & Goddesses.
Later Vedic Culture: Evolution of Caste, Occupation, King, Sabha-Samiti, Vish, Yagyas (Sacrifices), Purohita System, Economic Conditions- Pani, Niska, Agriculture-Industry
Unit-2
Major Religious Movements: Jainism, Buddhism, Vaishnavism, Shaivism
Unit-3
Political History from 600 BCE Onwards. Sixteen Mahajanapadas, Establishment of Republican States,
North India from 500 CE to 650 CE: Later Guptas, Maukharis, Harshvardhan,
Major Regional Powers (Rajput Age 700 CE – 1200 CE),
Sunga-Kanva,
Andhra-Satavahana,
Maukhari-Pushyabhuti,
Gurjara-Pratihara, Chandela, Parmar, Chalukya
Chalukya of Badami and Vengi, Pallava,
Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas of Kalyani and Pattadakal, Chola.
Unit-4
History of Economy of Ancient India: Agriculture, Trade and Industry, Srenis, Nanadesis, Coinage System.
Unit-5
History of Ancient Society: Varna-Jati, Asram, Purusarth, Sanskar, Education.
Unit-6
Art and Architecture: Temples, Stupas, Sculpture, Paintings, and Minor Arts. Ancient Inscriptions inscribed on Pillars, rocks.
Delhi Sultanate/Mughal Period
Invasion of Mohd. Ghori, Slave Dynasty, Khiljis Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty, Sayyid and Lodi Dynasties. Babar– as the Founder of the Mughal Empire, Humayun and Shershah Suri, Expansion of Mughal Empire during Akbar to Aurangzeb, Decline and Disintegration of the Mughal Empire and Arrival of the British. Administration and Economic Policies of Mughals. Vijaynagar and Bahmani State– Rise and Downfall, Rise of Marathas under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Causes of Rise & Decline of Marathas.
Administration: Administration of Delhi Sultanate, Major Features of Mughal Administration. Central Administration, Provincial Administration, Administration of Shershah Suri.
Land Revenue System: Land Revenue System of Shershah Suri, Land Revenue System of Akbar.
Religious Policy of Mughals: Babar, Humayun, Religious Policy of Akbar, Din-e-Ilahi, Religious Policy of Jahangir, Shahjahan, Aurangzeb.
Deccan Policy of Mughals: From Babar to Aurangzeb.
Administrative Reforms by Cornwallis (1786-93): Judicial Reforms
Revenue: Reforms, Permanent Settlement of Bengal (1793).
Lord Wellesley (1798-1805): The Subsidiary Alliance System.
Mysore under Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan:
1st Anglo Mysore War
2nd Anglo Mysore War
3rd Anglo Mysore War
4th Anglo Mysore War
Lord Hastings and Establishment of British Paramountcy in India:
The Anglo- Nepal War (1814-18)
Pindaris War
Hasting's Policy towards the Marathas.
William Bentinck (1825-35): Abolition of Sati, Reforms by William Bentinck– Social, Educational & Economic Reforms.
Education Policy of Lord Macaulay
Ranjeet Singh’s Achievements: Early Career of Ranjeet Singh, Administration, Land Revenue, Military Administration.
Lord Dalhousie (1848-56): The Doctrine of Lapse, The Annexation of Awadh, Reforms by Dalhousie.
Revolt of 1857: Causes of Revolt.
Land Revenue System: The Permanent Settlement, The Mahalwari System, The Ryotwari System.
Lord Curzon (1899-1905): Partition of Bengal
Religious and Social Reforms (Renaissance): The Brahm Samaj, The Prarthana Samaj, The Arya Samaj, The Ramkrishna Movement, Theosophical Movement, Muslim Reform Movement, The Wahabi Movement, The Aligarh Movement.
The Rise and Growth of the Indian National Movement: Assessment of the Policies of the Moderates, Causes of the Rise of Extremism in Congress, Home Rule Movement, The Revolutionary Movement, Simon Commission, Khilafat Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement, The Civil Disobedience Movement, The Role of Mahatma Gandhi in India's Struggle for Independence.
Eminent National Leaders of India: Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s Role in Modernization of India, Dadabhai Naoroji (1825-1917), Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Lal Nehru.
Rise of Muslim Communalism: Acts of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Foundation of Muslim League, Two Nation Theory, Hindu Mahasabha, Mountbatten Plan for the Partition of India.
Acts: The Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784, Charter Act of 1833, Act of 1909, Act of 1919, Act of 1935
First Phase after Independence: The Indian Independence Act, 1947; Princely States and Integration of States; Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi; Initial Five Year Plans; Relations with Neighbouring States– Pakistan, China; The Chinese Attack 1962; Bangladesh.
Optional Subject (Geography)
Meaning and Scope of Geography, Approaches and Methods to the Study of Geography, Major Geographical Thoughts– Environmental Determinism, Possibilism, Probabilism, Regionalism, Logical Positivism, and Behaviorism.
Structure of the Atmosphere, Insolation and Heat Budget, Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Temperature, Inversion of Temperature, Air Pressure Belts, Wind System Movement of Winds Belt, Local Winds, Humidity, and Precipitation, Types of Rainfall, Cyclone and Anticyclone, Classification of Climates by Köppen and Thornthwaite, Major Climate Regions of the World.
Internal Structure of the Earth, Types of Rocks, Plate Tectonic Theory, Volcanoes and Earthquakes Folds, Faults, and Resultant Topography, WM Davis's Concept of Cycle of Erosion, Functions of River, Groundwater, Sea and Glaciers.
Ocean Deposits, Temperature and Salinity of Oceanic Water, Ocean Currents, Tides and Waves, Coral Islands and Coral Reefs– Origin, Distribution, and Environmental Importance.
Concept of Ecosystem, Terrestrial Ecosystems– Types and their Attributes, Deforestation– Problems and Conservation, Disaster– Types and their Management.
Human-Environmental Relationship Impact of Technology on Agriculture, Industrial and Information Revolution, Population Growth and Distribution Patterns, Demographic Transition Theory, Rural and Urban Settlements.
Concept and Classification of Resources, Theories of Resource Conservation, Water, Soil, Mineral and Energy– Uses, Problems and their Conservation, Geographic Conditions, Global Distribution, Production, and Trade, Major Crops– Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, and Rubber, Major Agriculture Regions of the World, Major Industrial Regions of the World, Factors affecting Location of Industries, Major Theories of Industrial Location, International Trade, Major Trade Blocs, Major International Transportation Routes, and Hierarchy.
Culture Elements, Major Cultural Realms, Races and Tribes.
Concept and Types of Regions, Salient Features of Developed and Developing Countries of the World, Study of Some Select Regions of the World– Anglo, American, European Community, Russia, China, Japan, South-East Asia, and South-West Asia.
India's Geographical Features– Relief, Drainage System, Climate, Natural Vegetation, and Soil. Major Mineral Resources– Iron Ore, Mica, Bauxite, Atomic Minerals, and Energy Resources. Major Agriculture Crops– Food Grains & Cash Crops, Recent Trends in Agriculture, Irrigation, and Multipurpose Projects. Industrial Development, Industrial Regions, Industrial Policy, Location, Distribution, Production, and Problems of Major Industries¬– Iron and Steel, Cotton, Textile, Cement, Sugar, Paper, Regional Patterns of Population Growth and Distribution– Related Problems and Their Solutions, Developmental Disparity– Causes & Remedial Measures, Reorganization of States– Problems & their Solution.
Optional Subject (Economics)
Micro Economics: Theory of consumer behaviours and demand analysis-Cardinal and ordinal approaches, Indifference curve technique, Theories of production, Laws of returns, returns to scale Production function, Cost and revenue curves, Equilibrium of firm under different market fonts- Perfect competition/Monopoly, Monopolistic competition
Macro Economics: National Income-Concepts, Components and methods of accounting. Classical and Keynesian theories of employment and income, Consumption and investment function, Inflation and measures to control inflation, Theories of trade cycle.
Money and Banking: Concept and function of money, determinants of money supply, Quantity theory of money-. Fisher and Cambridge approach, Keynesian, approach, Central and Commercial banks. Functions, Credit creation, methods of credit control by central bank.
Public Finance: Role of the Government in economic activities, Taxation- Direct and indirect taxes, Concepts of deficit and Budget of the Union Government of India, Public, expenditure Effects and evaluation, Public debts, Finance Commission, Fiscal Policy.
International Trade and Foreign Exchange: balance of trade and balance of payments, Foreign exchange rate - Purchasing Power, Parity and Balance of payments theories. International Institutions- I.M.F., I.B.R.D., I.D.A., Asian Development Bank, W.T.O. etc.
Indian Economy: Basic Features of Indian Economy- Planning objectives, approaches, priorities and problems of resource mobilization, Policies relating to population, poverty and unemployment in India, Agricultural policy-issues of food security, developing rural infrastructure and evaluation of policies promotingt rural development Industrial policy- industrial reforms and their impact on industrial growth. Public sector Undertakings, small scale enterprises in India.
Elementary Statistics: Meaning and importance of statistics, Data Collection, analysis and representation, Measures of central tendency, Measures of dispersion, Correlation, Methods of sampling Index-numbers and time series analysis.
Optional Subject (Civics)
Section-A
Political Science: Meaning, Definitions, Nature and Scope.
Differences among Politics, Political Science, Political Theory and Political Philosophy.
Relationship of Political Science with Science, Sociology, Economics, History, Geography,
Psychology and Ethics.
Definition of Civics, Its Nature and Scope.
Citizenship: Meaning, Methods of Achieving and Losing Citizenship, Merits of an Ideal Citizen, Impediments in the Path of Ideal Citizenship, Responsibility of a Citizen toward Environmental Protection and Conservation.
Concept of State: Elements and Theories of Origin – Social Contract, Evolutionary and Marxist.
Theories of the Functions of State: Liberal, Socialist and Welfare
Sovereignty: Power, Authority, and Influence.
Law, Liberty, Equality and Justice.
Constitution: Meaning, Types and Classification
Concept of Government.
Modern Governments: Federal and Unitary, Parliamentary and Presidential.
Organs of Government: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary– Organizations, Functions & Significance and Relationship among them.
Concept of Democracy: Its Meaning, Types and Theories.
Party System, Pressure Groups, Public Opinion,
Methods of Election and Franchise.
Concept of Nation, Nationality, Internationality and Non-Alignment.
Factional Elements of Political System: Caste, Language, Communalism and Region.
Recent Trends in Political Science: Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization, Libertarianism, Equalitarianism, Concept of Governance, State-Market Debates, Panchayati Raj and New Social Movement.
Indian Political Thinkers: Manu, Kautilya, Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar.
Section-B
History of National Movement in India and the Constituent Assembly.
Indian Constitution and the Preamble, Salient Features of Indian Constitution, Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy, Constitutional Amendment– Procedure and Major Constitutional Amendments, Article 370.
Indian Federal System and the Union-State Relations
Composition of the Union Government and Its Functioning: Union Executive– President; Election, Powers & Functions, Emergency Powers. Vice-President– Election and Functions.
Union Council of Ministers and the Cabinet: Composition and Functioning, Appointment of
Prime Minister– Functions and Importance;
Union Legislature: Parliament– Composition, Powers and Importance of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha; Relationship between Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
Union Judiciary: Supreme Court– Composition and Jurisdiction, Judicial Review, Public
Interest Litigation Cases
Composition and Functioning of State Government with Special reference to UP
State Executive: Governor– Appointment, Powers, Functions, Privileges and Roles.
Council of Ministers: Composition and Functions
Chief Minister: Appointment Powers, and Relationship with the Council of Ministers and the Governor.
State Legislature: Composition, Powers & Functions, Relationship between State Assembly and the Legislative Council
State Judiciary: High Courts– Composition, Functions and Jurisdiction.
Local Government and Local Self-Government
Concept of Local Self-Government with Special Reference to the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts
Powers, Functions and Role of District Magistrate
District Courts: Composition and Functions, Lok Adalat
Public Corporations and Commissions, in India: Planning Commission, Election Commission, Union Public Service Commission, Inter-state Council, Lokpal and Lokayukta.
Foreign Policy of India: Regional Organizations and the United Nations Organization, Human Rights and Non-Aligned Movement.
वैकल्पिक विषय (हिंदी)
हिंदी साहित्य का इतिहास : हिंदी साहित्य के इतिहास-लेखन की परंपरा, हिंदी साहित्य व इतिहास का काल-विभाजन। आदिकाल- नामकरण, प्रमुख प्रवृत्तियाँ। भक्तिकाल- सामान्य विशेषताएँ, भक्तिकाल की धाराएँ- ज्ञानाश्रयी काव्यधारा, प्रेमाश्रयी (सूफी) काव्यधारा, रामभक्ति काव्यधारा, कृष्णभक्ति काव्यधारा, चारों काव्यधाराओं की प्रमुख प्रवृत्तियाँ। रीतिकाल- नामकरण, प्रमुख प्रवृत्तियाँ। आधुनिक काल- भारतेंदु युग, द्विवेदी युग, छायावाद, प्रगतिवाद, प्रयोगवाद, नयी कविता, प्रपद्यवाद, नवगीत। विभिन्न कालों के प्रमुख कवि एवं उनकी प्रमुख रचनाएँ। प्रसिद्ध काव्य-पंक्तियों एवं सूक्तियों के लेखकों/कवियों के नाम।
गद्य-साहित्य का उद्भव और विकास : निबंध, उपन्यास, कहानी, नाटक, आलोचना। गद्य की अन्य नवीन विधाएँ- जीवनी-साहित्य, आत्मकथा, संस्मरण, रेखाचित्र, रिपोर्ताज़, यात्रा-साहित्य, डायरी-साहित्य, व्यंग्य, इंटरव्यू, बाल-साहित्य, स्त्री-विमर्श, दलित-विमर्श। युगप्रवर्तक लेखकों के नाम तथा उनकी प्रमुख रचनाएँ।
पत्रकारिता : प्रमुख हिंदी पत्र-पत्रिकाएँ, प्रकाशन-स्थान, प्रकाशन-वर्ष तथा उनके प्रमुख संपादकों के नाम।
काव्यशास्त्र : भारतीय काव्यशास्त्र- काव्य-लक्षण, भेद, रस, छंद, अलंकार, काव्य संप्रदाय, काव्य गुण, काव्य दोष, शब्द शक्तियाँ।
भाषा विज्ञान : हिंदी की उपभाषाएँ, विभाषाएँ, बोलियाँ, हिंदी की ध्वनियाँ, हिंदी शब्द-संपदा।
हिंदी-व्याकरण : संधि, समास, कारक, लिंग, वचन, काल, पर्यायवाची, विलोम शब्द, वर्तनी-संबंधी अशुद्धिशोधन, वाक्य-संबंधी अशुद्धिशोधन, वाक्यांश के लिये एक शब्द, अनेकार्थी शब्द, समोच्चरित-प्राय भिन्नार्थक शब्द, विरामचिह्न, मुहावरा और लोकोक्ति। संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, क्रिया और विशेषण, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय।
संस्कृत-साहित्य के प्रमुख रचनाकारों के नाम एवं उनकी प्रमुख कृतियाँ : कालिदास, भवभूति, भारवि, माघ, भास, बाणभट्ट, श्रीहर्ष, दण्डी, मम्मट, भरतमुनि, विश्वनाथ, राजशेखर तथा जयदेव।
संस्कृत-व्याकरण : सन्धि (स्वर सन्धि, व्यञ्जन सन्धि, विसर्ग सन्धि), समास, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय। विभक्ति-चिह्न (परसर्ग)- प्रयोग एवं पहचान। शब्दरूप- आत्मन्, नामन्, जगत्, सरित, बालक, हरि, सर्व, इदम्, अस्मद्, युष्मद्। धातुरूप- स्था, पा, गम्, पठ्, हस्, धातु- केवल परस्मैपदी रूप में काल। हिंदी-वाक्यों का संस्कृत अनुवाद।
UP B.Ed. JEE
There is no predefined syllabus for UP B.Ed. Entrance Exam, thus it is crucial to familiarize yourself with the exam pattern, including the number of questions, marking scheme, and the structure of the paper.
Refer to books from reputable publications to further your efforts towards preparing for this examination. For this purpose, Drishti Publications has also published a series of books catering to the needs of this exam. You can enroll in our courses for the same, as well.
Practice previous year question papers to understand the exam pattern, question types, and difficulty levels. This helps in improving time management and familiarizing yourself with the types of questions asked.
Concentrate on understanding the fundamental concepts of each subject. Clear understanding will help you answer a variety of questions.
Regularly take mock tests to simulate exam conditions. This helps in improving speed and accuracy. Analyze your performance after each mock test to identify weak areas and work on them.
Regularly revise the topics you've covered to reinforce your understanding and memory. Create concise notes for quick revision during the final days.
Note: There is no predefined syllabus provided for this exam.
